Unmarried Women Are More Politically Liberal. Heres Why.

Theres long been evidence that unmarried women are more politically liberal than married ones, but theres never been a good explanation for why this is the case. Now there is. Sociologist Kelsy Kretschmer of Oregon State University (OSU) found that women who are not married tend to be more concerned about the social status of women as a group, more politically liberal, and more likely to vote Democrat than married women. Key Takeaways: Unmarried women report having a higher level of â€Å"linked fate† than unmarried women: they see what happens to other women as relevant to their own lives.Sociologists have suggested that this may explain why unmarried women are more likely to be politically liberal than married women.A report based on 2010 American National Election Study data found that linked fate does indeed help to explain the political affiliations of married and unmarried women.   Study Overview Kretschmer presented the study, coauthored with OSU political scientist Christopher Stout and sociologist Leah Ruppanner of the University of Melbourne, at the August 2015 meeting of the American Sociological Association (ASA) in Chicago. There, she explained that women who are not married are more likely to have a strong sense of linked fate, which is the belief that what happens in their own lives is connected to the social status of women as a group in society. This means they are more likely to believe that gender inequality—manifested for instance in the gender pay gap, the gender wealth gap, and discrimination in education and the work place—has a significant impact on their own life chances. Kretschmer told the ASA, Over 67 percent of never married women and 66 percent of divorced women perceive what happens to other women as having some or a lot to do with what happens in their own lives. Only 56.5 percent of married women hold the same views. Study Methods To conduct the study, the researchers drew from the 2010 American National Election Study and included data from women respondents 18 years and older, whom they sorted as married, never married, divorced, or widowed. Using this data, they  found that a sense of linked fate has a significant relationship to ones political orientation and behavior. Using statistical techniques, the researchers were able to rule out income, employment, children, and views on gender roles and discrimination as factors that could explain away the gap in political preference between married and unmarried women. A sense of linked fate is in fact the key variable. Key Results Kretschmer told the ASA that women with a sense of gendered linked fate, who tend to be unmarried, think in terms of what will benefit women as a group. This means that they are likely to support candidates who promote, and political measures for, things like wage equality, workplace protections for pregnancy and maternity leave, anti-domestic violence laws, and welfare expansion. Kretschmer and her colleagues were motivated to do this study because the concept of linked fate has been used by other sociologists to help explain voting patterns exist among Black and Latinx voters in the U.S. The concept had never been used to examine political behavior among women, which is what makes the study and its results notable and important. The study also revealed that women who have never been married are more likely than those who are married to believe that is important to have women politicians. The researchers also found that  married and widowed women demonstrated the same degrees of linked fate. The researchers pointed out that widowed women are likely to still be engaged in the marriage institution via things like a husbands pension or social security, so they tend to think and act more like women who are married than those who are not (never been, or divorced). While notable, its important to recognize that this study demonstrations a correlation between marriage status and a sense of linked fate, and not causation. At this point it is impossible to say whether linked fate influences whether or not a woman will get married, or if getting married would reduce a sense of linked fate. Its possible that future research will shed light on this, but what we can conclude, sociologically speaking, is that cultivating a sense of linked fate among women is necessary for making political and social change that advances equality. Bibliography â€Å"Unmarried Women: Politically Cohesive, More Concerned About Womens Status Than Married Counterparts.† American Sociological Association, 22 Aug. 2015. https://www.asanet.org/press-center/press-releases/unmarried-women-politically-cohesive-more-concerned-about-womens-status-married-counterparts

Economic Development Strategy For The City Of Sydney

Basic Summary Sydney is Australia s worldwide city, and the main learning based economy in the country. More than $100 billion for each annum is produced in Sydney. That is more than half of what the whole mining part creates, and double the span of the horticultural division at the farm gate. In the course of the most recent five years our city economy has demonstrated its flexibility by withstanding the worldwide financial recession. About 2000 organisations were added to the city since 2007. Major urban restoration ventures over the City of Sydney are giving occupations and lodging. Green Square, Australia s biggest urban redevelopment task, is only 3.5kms from the downtown area. The $8 billion redevelopment will give homes to 11,000 new inhabitants and 22,000 new labourers. Economic Development Strategy for the City The City of Sydney s 10 year Economic Development Strategy will help convey a realistic vision for a significantly more dynamic, earth feasible economy, and a liveable city that works for inhabitants, labourers, guests and understudies. Activity arrangements will bolster our current monetary qualities, for example, the fund, tourism and retail areas; and develop new, rising parts, for example, the evening time economy and green economy divisions. We are as of now putting $1.9 billion in a 10 year framework project including Light Rail and the change of George Street; diminishing administrative obstructions to energise business; and reactivating places,Show MoreRelatedUrban Water Environmental Analysis1664 Words   |  7 Pagesfor present and future generations (2). Rising population, growth in development, climate change all these issues are going to increase the demand of water in the future. 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Business Advice Essay Research Paper In advising free essay sample

Business Advice Essay, Research Paper In reding Gus, Gloria, and the murderer ( jointly known as the ? claimants? ) as to the sustainability in jurisprudence of their several claims in relation to, Rajinder ( hereinafter referred to as? R? ) , Sarah ( hereinafter referred to as? S? ) , and the liquidated company Exotic Holidays Ltd. ( hereinafter referred to as? E Ltd. ? ) , the nucleus issue appears to be that of corporate individuality as opposed to personal individuality of the members of the corporate entity. Issues associating to the general effects and effects of incorporation are besides discussed, viz. , issues of separate legal personality, liability and related exclusions, which in bend necessitates consideration of the? corporate head covering? and under what fortunes the tribunals will be prepared to delegate liability etc beyond the corporate entity to the members. Before sing single claims, some idea is given to the general or cardinal issue of legal individuality, on the evidences that this is cardinal to all the state of affairss. The most of import instance in this respect is doubtless Salomon V Salomon [ 1897 ] AC 22 ( hereinafter referred to as? Salomon? ) , which besides provides an disposed get downing place.The basically of import principal that emerged from Salomon is that a company, one time incorporated, is a legal entity in its ain right. In other words, the company itself, in this case E Ltd. , is a clearly separate being from those that are its members ( R and S ) , and as such, has? single? rights and liabilities accordingly.This has two immediate consequences. First, the company, non its members, must seek a redress despite the fact that in world, it will be the members, non the company, that conclude a redress is needed to turn to some incorrect making to the company. Second, the alternate state of affairs in which the company itself must be sued straight, non the members personally, in the event that the company itself has committed some error. The overall consequence is that members? personal liabilities and the liabilities of the company are regarded as separate. For all purposes and intents, the tribunals have traditionally drawn a divide between them. This separation of members and company, or instead the differentiation between them, is frequently referred to as the? corporate head covering? .The Salomon principal has been by and large upheld by the tribunals, sometimes with terrible effects. In the Irish instance Macaura V Northern Insurance Company Limited [ 1925 ] AC 619, the tribunal upheld the statement of an insurance company that it was non apt to pay out if points were insured on a member? s ain name and non? his? company? s name despite the fact that the points being a portion and package of the company? s concern. The tribunal maintained a stiff divide between the member and the company.In more modern times, Slade LJ basically reiterated the go oning cogency of the Salomon principal in Adams v Cape Industries [ 1990 ] Ch 433, ? ? the tribunal is non free to ignore the principal of Salomon? simply because it considers that justness so requires? ? This principal was more late once more affirmed in Ord A ; Another V Belhaven Pubs Limited [ 1998 ] BCC 607.However, as resolute as the principal stands, there are exceeding instances where the tribunal will? raise the corporate head covering? either at common jurisprudence or by legislative act. This was considered in Atlas Marine V Avalon Maritime [ 1991 ] a All ER 769, ? ? . . . to pierce the corporate head covering is an look I would reserve for handling the rights or liabilities or activities of a company as the rights or liabilities or activities of its stockholders? ? There are assorted fortunes where the tribunal will raise the head covering. In the context of liability, such a class of action by the tribunals will intend that the members themselves will be held apt beyond the company. In other words, liability will non halt at the company, as per the Salomon principal, provided the tribunal is satisfied that certain conditions are met. ? It is these conditions that demand to be considered in each single instance with regard to the claimants, since from the given facts, it appears that R and S seek to trust on the Salomon principal in order to deviate any possible liability from themselves personally to E Ltd as a separate legal entity. ? # 8212 ; Gus.According to the given facts, Gus has issued a writ against R originating from alleged? ? behavior in breach of contract? ? that predates and overlaps the day of the month of incorporation of the company.The alleged breaches extend from April 1998 to October 1998, while R sold his concern to E-Ltd in June 1998 while the company itself was incorporated on the 30th June 1998. Therefore, it appears that Gus had been covering with E Ltd. and non R personally after the incorporation.Ordinarily, by application of the Salomon principal, the action against R would neglect on the evidences that Gus was covering with? E Ltd. and non with R.However, as mentioned above, there may be a manner in which the tribunals may be asked to life the head covering and seek action against R straight. This may go on if R is suspected of fraud, although non needfully of a condemnable nature. In this instance, just fraud would suffice. Put another manner, the duties adhering the member are extended to the bind the company.In Jones v Lipman [ 1962 ] 1 All ER 442, the sale of a piece of land was at the Centre of a contract. The marketer had later changed his head? and in order to avoid an order of specific public presentation of his contractual duties, he transferred his land into the name of a company. The tribunal refuses the defense mechanism that the land was now in the ownership of the company and granter an order of specific public presentation against the seller.Likewise, in Gilford Motor Company Limited V Horne [ 1933 ] Ch 935, the tribunal held that a company that constituted a mere? fake? and formed to avoid contractual duties would non be tolerated. In this instance, the tribunal once more lifted the head covering and issued an order against an person who was non even a member of the company in question.Similarly, Gus must demo that R was in consequence? concealment? behind E Ltd. If this can be achieved, it seems possible that the tribunal may allow a redress against R straight. However, if R can demo that the sale was a legitimate trade in the sense that the sale of R? s former concern to E Ltd. was non a? fake? and was formed simply to avoid a contractual duties etc, it seems improbable that the tribunals will follow the path taken in Jones v Lipman or Gilford v Horne in visible radiation of the determination in Adams v Cape Industries where the tribunals refused to raise the corporate head covering. Lord Keith commented in Wolfson v Strathclyde Regional Council [ 1979 ] that the Salomon principal should merely be excluded in instances of a fraudulent nature where facts were being concealed by a ruse.That said, if R seeks to trust on Adams v Cape Industries, there might be a job sing that this instance was distingu ished from a similar instance, Creasey V Breachwood Motors Limited [ 1992 ] BCC 638 partially on the footing of the timing of the transportation from entity to entity. The tribunal may good see the timing of the sale, i.e. half manner through the alleged breach of contract, as a relevant factor and may good see this as some kind of turning away tactic on R? s portion. It is deserving bearing in head that Creasey v Breachwood was later criticised in Ord V Belhaven. Hobhouse LJ stated, ? ? it seems to me ineluctable that the instance in Creasey v. Breachwood as it appears to the tribunal can non be sustained. It represents a incorrect acceptance of the rule of piercing the corporate head covering? Therefore, in my opinion the instance of Creasey v. Breachwood should no longer be treated as authoritative? ? ( Although the evidences for the unfavorable judgment might good non use to the present instance. ) In sum-up, the facts are non sufficiently clear to justify a clear decision, but it appears that the chief obstruction to Gus wining would be the ability to show that R sold his concern to E Ltd. in order to avoid contractual duties via assumed trust on the Salomon principal. Notably, Lord Keith commented in Wolfson v Strathclyde Regional Council [ 1979 ] JPL 169 that the Salomon principal should merely be excluded in instances of a deceitful nature where facts were being concealed by a artifice. Such as artifice must clearly be demonstrated. # 8212 ; Gloria ( hereinafter referred to as? G? ) .From the given facts, G is stated to hold been a? ? former client? ? of E Ltd. Again, with respect to the philosophy of the corporate head covering, G would prima facie merely have a claim against E Ltd. and non R straight or personally. Unless, the tribunals can once more be persuaded to raise the corporate veil.Members of a company have a general fiducial responsibility of attention which should regulate all their behavior within the model of the company in inquiry, and unless it can be shown that they have breached that responsibility by gross carelessness or Acts of the Apostless of bad religion, no personal liability claims can by and large be successful against them. In Williams v Natural Life Health Foods Ltd ( 1998 ) 2 ALL ER 577, the House of Lords held that the corporate head covering should merely be lifted in utmost instances and moreover, there must be some kind of personal deceits made by the member of the company, who accepts as much, and that the complainant would hold had to hold relied on these deceits. The House of Lords refused to raise the head covering in that instance on the evidences that there had been no contact between the parties and in any event, there was no grounds that the complainant had believed that the suspect had accepted any personal liability.In sum-up, it seems unlikely, based on the given facts, that G? s action straight against R will win. However, taking the determination in Williams v Natural Life into history and the stated standards upon which the House of Lords refused to raise the corporate head covering, if G can run into those standards, her claim might good be sustainable. # 8212 ; The Liquidator ( hereinafter referred to as? L? ) .Again, the principal from Salomon is the get downing point with respect to L? s claim against R and S.A farther parallel can be drawn with Salomon. The murderer in Salomon claimed that the company therein was nothingness as it was basically a? fake? on the evidences that the company was in world nil more that Salomon? s? agent? , due in portion to it being a ? one-person company? . However, the House of Lords held that it was irrelevant that the company was in consequence a? one adult male company? ? and that provided the company had been incorporated right, the fact that one individual held an overpowering bulk of portions in the company was non relevant either.More specifically, it was held in Kodak Limited V Clark [ 1905 ] 1 KB 505 that a 98 % shareholding in a company does non by itself create a member/agency relationship. Therefore any similar statements on the evidences that E Ltd. was fundamentally an? agent? of R? s due to his big shareholding will neglect due to the opinion in Salomon and Kodak v Clark.. By and large talking, L will be unable to trust on a common jurisprudence based attack in inquiring the tribunal? s to life the corporate head covering against R and S. However, there may be a possible path via legislative act. Section 213 of the Insolvency Act 1986 in consequence states that where a individual has continued to merchandise through a company cognizing full good, i.e. fraudulently, that the company will be unable to duly repay creditors, the individual may be held personally apt to an extent determined by the tribunals. Section 214 of the same Act, relevant to companies in insolvent settlement ( as is the instance with E Ltd. ) , extends beyond a clear? purpose to victimize creditors? , as per s213, to include? unlawful trading? whereby the individual knew or ought to hold known that creditors will be unable to be duly paid while go oning to merchandise through the company until the clip of the weaving up order being granted. ? In order for the s213 to apply, L must bring forth grounds of a deceitful purpose by R and S to victimize the creditor he represents. Alternatively, under s214, L must show? unlawful trading? which might be an easier proposition.When sing s213, s213 ( 4 ) directs the tribunals to take assorted things into history. Under s213 ( 4 ) the tribunals are directed to see whether the member/s had acted moderately under the fortunes, or more specifically, ? ? the facts which a manager of a company ought to cognize or determine, the decisions which he ought to make and the stairss which he ought to take are those which would be known or ascertained, or reached or taken, by a moderately persevering individual holding both? ( a ) the general cognition, accomplishment and experience that may moderately be expected of a individual transporting out the same maps as are carried out by that manager in relation to the company, and ( B ) the general cognition, accomplishment and experience that that manager has. Therefore in drumhead, in order for s213 to use, these criterions must be applied to the facts of the present instance, and if it is found that R and S had fallen below the needed criterions, an application via s214 might good be sustainable in that the tribunals may good raise the corporate head covering and extend liability to R and S in their personal capacities. Bibliography. ? Farrar? s Company Law? ? ? J.H. Farrar A ; B.M. Hannigan? Company Law? ( Statutes ) ? Butterworths? Company Law? ( Cavendish ) Internet Beginnings. ? Rethinking Company Law and Practice? ? The Hon Justice Michael Kirby ( www3.lawfoundation.net.au ) ? Company Law? ( www.bigwig.net ) ? Limited Liability? a necessary effect of incorporation? ? ? Aiden Small ( www.nuigalway.ie ) ? Company Law? Corporate Personality? ( www.ukcle.ac.uk ) ? Piercing the Corporate Veil? ( www.themis.wustl.edu ) ? The Doctrine of Separate Legal Personality? ( www.law.anu.edu.au ) ? Raising the Corporate Veil Revisited? ( www.acca.org.uk )

It Takes an Army to Defeat an Army free essay sample

Changes in hearing, blurred vision, joint pain, stomach pain, liver damage and depression were just a few of the side effects listed on the RxList website for the drug Isotretinoin, an acne treatment popularly known as Accutane. Is it worth it? I asked myself on a daily basis as the number of little red bumps continued to increase on the surface of my face. Walking through the acne products aisle at Sephora was like stepping into my own bathroom. At one time or another, I bought each product in an attempt to clear my skin. After multiple visits with my pediatrician and several prescribed topical acne treatments, I decided to try the all natural route. One trip to the local Foodworks store, and I found myself drowning in homemade honey facials, taking an abundance of daily vitamins and restraining myself from consuming dairy. A month later, the army of acne had completely invaded and conquered my face. We will write a custom essay sample on It Takes an Army to Defeat an Army or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My mother called for an appointment with a physicians assistant at the dermatology office; the soonest available appointment was in July, two months away. With in the months prior to the appointment, there was not one inch upon my face without a pimple. As the number of pimples increased, my self confidence decreased. Applying make up became necessary, yet useless since nothing could cover what I was determined to hide. Cleansing my face became difficult without breaking open the excessively tender and infected areas. Sleeping on a memory-foam pillow, my favorite, was impossible due to the pressure it put on the acne. The worst was how I felt mentally. I felt like a failure. Every attempt to clear my skin created more acne. I avoided the subject of my acne with others, especially my friends since each of them had nearly perfect completions. However, at night, when the makeup was off and I was alone in my room, I realized the judgement I put upon myself was the problem, not the judgement of others. I was the only soldier fighting because I hid my emotions, told everyone that I was fine, when in fact I was breaking, not because I did not like my appearance but because I had convinced myself that I was alone in the process. In health class during the fourth quarter of my sophomore year, when the acne was the worst, one of the topics my teacher covered was acne. Everyone develops acne in their teenage years, he announced. He continued to share the natural remedies to heal acne, which I had already embraced, but all had failed. Throughout the discussions, I could not ignore the fact that I was the only student in the room with more than the typical two pimples on the cheek. I questioned whether the topic was directed at me and if everyone in the class was glaring at the blemishes covering my face. â€Å"Just a little soap and water twice a day and acne should heal within two weeks. There is certainly no need to introduce prescribed medications to clear acne,† my health teacher informed. He made it sound so easy. Throughout the discussion, I thought of the year and a half long process I had been going through to heal the acne. I felt the need to reveal the fact that acne is not that easy to heal. I nstead of making a scene in class, I hid my emotions until the next day. It was Friday, and I was hosting dinner for my friends, as we did each week, alternating from house to house. I shared the emotional disruption the acne had caused and my worries about going on Accutane with my closest friends. Oh you dont need to worry about going on Accutane, Lizzy. My mom did when she was in highschool, and she was fine, my friend Olivia explained. So did my dad, my friend Jenna claimed. Suddenly I felt relief, I did not have to hide my problems. Instead, I was able to talk about the difficulties I faced and my fear of going on Accutane. On the appointment day I was shaking when my mother and I walked into the dermatology office. The physician’s assistant immediately recommended Accutane. The following month I began the treatment, which came with a mandatory birth control prescription, Ipledge account, monthly blood work appointments and gallons of moisturizers and drinking water. Afterjust a few weeks on the medication a schoolmate approached me and said, Wow Lizzy, your skin is looking great! Once I recruited the strongest soldiers I know; my friends, family and physician’s assistant,I defeated the acne army.

Rocky Mountains or Rockies essays

Rocky Mountains or Rockies essays Rocky Mountains or Rockies, great chain of rugged mountain ranges in western North America, extending from central New Mexico to northeastern British Columbia, a distance of about 3220 km (about 2000 mi). The Great Basin and the Rocky Mountain Trench, a valley running from northwestern Montana to northern British Columbia, border the Rockies on the east by the Great Plains and on the west. The Rocky Mountains form part of the Great, or Continental, Divide, which separates rivers draining into the Atlantic or Arctic oceans from those flowing toward the Pacific Ocean. The Arkansas, Colorado, Columbia, Missouri, Rio Grande, Saskatchewan, and Snake rivers rise in the Rockies. The Rockies may be divided into four principal sections-Southern, Central, Northern, and Canadian. The Southern Rockies, which include the system's broadest and highest regions, extend from central New Mexico, through Colorado, to the Great Divide, or Wyoming, Basin, in southern Wyoming. This section, which encompasses Rocky Mountain National Park, is composed chiefly of two northern-southern belts of mountain ranges with several basins, or parks, between the belts. The component parts include the Sanger de Crisco and Laramie mountains and the Front Range, in the east, and the San Juan Mountains and the Swatch and Park ranges, in the west. The Southern Rockies include the chain's loftiest point, Mount Elbert (4399 m/14,433 ft high), in central Colorado. More than 50 other peaks of the Rockies rising above 4267 m (14,000 ft) are in Colorado; these include Longs Peak (4345 m/14,255 ft high) and Pikes Peak (4301 m/14,110 ft high). The Central Rockies are in northeastern Utah, western Wyoming, eastern Idaho, and southern Montana. They encompass the Bighorn; Bear tooth, and Unite Mountains and the Absaroka, Wind River, Salt River, Teton, Snake River, and Wasatch ranges. The Unite Mountains are the only major portion of the Rockies that extends east west rather than nor...

Italian Adverbs of Manner - Avverbi di Modo

Italian Adverbs of Manner - Avverbi di Modo In English, adverbs of manner (avverbi di modo) are ones that end in -ly, like carefully or slowly. They indicate the way (the manner) in which an action takes place. Mia madre cucina egregiamente. - My mom cooks very well.La neve cade morbidamente sul davanzale della finestra. - The snow falls softly on the windowsill.Sono andato in fretta e furia dal dottore perchà ¨ non mi sentivo bene. - I hurried quickly to the doctor because I was not feeling well.Devi mescolare energicamente il composto prima di passare la teglia nel forno. - You must stir the mixture vigorously before transferring the pan to the oven. Which adverbs end in -mente? adverbs ending in -mente, which are the most numerous, and are formed by adding the suffix  to: The feminine form ending in -a: Alta- altamente high- highlyAspra- aspramente bitter- bitterlyCalorosa- calorosamente warm- warmlyOnesta- onestamente honest- honestly Adjectives ending in -e: Felice- felicemente happy- happilyForte- fortemente strong- stronglyLieve- lievemente slight- slightly NOTE: adjectives ending with the syllables -le and -re that are preceded by a vowel lose the final -e before adding the suffix -mente: Abile- abilmente skillful- skillfullyAgevole- agevolmente easy- easilyRegolare- regolarmente regular- regularly Adjectives ending in -lo: Benevolo- benevolmente kind- kindlyMalevolo- malevolmente spiteful- spitefully NOTE: the suffix -mente cannot be added to adjectives indicating color as well as a small number of other adjectives such as buono - good, cattivo - bad, giovane - young, vecchio - old. Adverbs ending with the suffix -oni, which is added to nouns and to forms derived from verbs: Ginocchio- ginocchioni knee- kneelingPenzolo- penzoloni bunch, cluster- hanging, danglingTastare- tastoni to feel, to probe- gropingly Adverbs which take the singular masculine form of certain aggettivi qualificativi (qualifying adjectives): Vederci chiaro - to see it clearlyCamminare piano - to walk slowlyParlare forte - to speak loudlyGuardare storto - to look askewRispondere giusto - to answer correctly Several adverbs, which are derived from Latin: Bene - wellMale - badlyMeglio - betterPeggio - worse Locuzioni avverbiali di modo (adverbs of manner idioms), of which there are several, including: allimpazzata - wildlya pià ¹ non posso - like crazya piedi - by footdi corsa - in a rushdi sicuro - surely, certainlydi solito - usuallyin fretta - quickly, fastin un batter docchio - in the blink of an eye The Origin of Adverbs of Manner An avverbio di modo that ends with the suffix -mente is derived from a Latin phrase consisting of an adjective and the noun mente: for example, the Latin devota mente means with devout intent, with devout feeling; sana mente means with sound purpose, with good purpose and so on. Over time the recurring use evolved; the second element of the phrase lost both its nominal quality as well as its semantic value and became a simple suffix. Thus was born the adverb: devotamente (devout), sanamente (soundly), fortemente (loudly). In any case, the adverb of manner maintains clear evidence of its former phrase state: the female gender of the adjective (devotamente, not devotomente, given that the Latin noun mente is feminine). Adverbs ending in -mente replaced vulgar Latin adverbs ending in -e and classical Latin adverbs ending in -iter: for example, devotamente substituted for the Latin devote, and solamente substituted for singulariter.

How might hegemons encourage the proliferation of regimes among other Essay

How might hegemons encourage the proliferation of regimes among other states - Essay Example cultural hegemonic worldview is therefore successful (largely) due to the economic, military-related or politically-oriented dominance maintained by the hegemon. An enquiry has been posed, questioning how hegemons might potentially encourage propagation of regimes among other states. Regimes are established governments, cultural norms or rules that guide and control an established institution and serve as the foundation for how this institution engages and interacts with domestic and international societies. In contemporary IR studies, regimes are enacted through interventions by the public and are considered permanent and durable organisations of norms and practices, such as the World Trade Organization or other organization with ample legal support and regulations to achieve institutional objectives. Hegemons, due to their economic or military-related superiority over other states and their ability to influence worldwide cultural norms, are often opposed by other states. The degree to which a state maintains power serves as the underpinning for international relations ideologies and hegemons attempt to exert this power to construct methodo logies for constructing international order (Buzan 2004). States that are, therefore, subjugated by hegemons and compelled to assimilate to the dominant cultural values of the hegemon can experience substantial indignation, seeing hegemonic dominance as an affront to domestic state ideologies that differ from the hegemon. Hence, hegemons encourage the proliferation of regimes among other states as an effort to liberate a state from hegemonic dominance, re-exert the subjugated state’s values and beliefs, and create a multi-polar international environment with more equilibrium in the global balance of power and other state influence in exerting unique and differentiated worldviews. The world, today, is witnessing the rise of a new regime, the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), a regime with an objective of establishing a

Representation of women in media Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Representation of women in media - Research Paper Example Most actresses, cover models and ballet dancers (Slater & Tiggemann) weigh less than the average weight of a woman since the media advocates for slender bodies. Women and young girls use diet pills to lose weight (Moffitt & Szymanski, 2011). Pictures describe many things; they display beauty, send a message or simply advertise something. Photographs are a form of communication between the photographer and the audience. Marketers use photographs to advertise their products. People use photos to store information as a form of pictorial memory (Benson & Allen, 2009). Finally, photography can be implemented as a career, which a photographer sells the photos to make money or as a passion. On the other hand, photo manipulation involves altering a photo through a computer in order to improve its look or beauty. Journalists use photo manipulation for resizing photos and cropping images. Secondly, it is also used to restore the structure of a damaged photograph. Thirdly, web designers use it for designing web layouts and navigation tools. It can be used to construct an intact website. Finally, photo shopping is a powerful animation

Microscopy, Cardiac muscle, Cornea, Eye Essay Example for Free

Microscopy, Cardiac muscle, Cornea, Eye Essay Abstract: Short {250 words max) overview of the experience that will summarize the objectives, methods, data collection and conclusion for the reader. This is a snapshot (advertisement) of your paper to entice the reader! Introduction: {WHY} you did this lab. For observation and dissection lab reports you simply want to inform the reader of your prior research/ readings on the subject and point out that before you did the experiment you had gaps in your knowledge and understanding of the topic. In other words this is the objectives section! Materials and methods- list the materials needed to repeat this lab and describe your methods {dissection procedure), how to use the microscope. Results/Observation Table Specimen Image/ Name/ magnification| Structures | Examples and functions| (Image)| Cell types, structures present, identification specific characteristics.| Describe where it is found in the body, its function as a unit or within a system.| | | | | | | | | | | | | Explanation of results: describe what you have observed as a narrative of the observation table in detail to a reader as if they were not there. Discussion- The â€Å"so what† portion of the lab report! Discuss findings and the significance of your data. You can use strong first person statements like I conclude that the samples of cardiac muscle were significantly different from skeletal muscles in that cardiac muscle tissue shows obvious intercalated disks and lacks the multinucleate presence of the skeletal muscle. Include a sentence or two on How to improve the experiment in the future or what the next step could be†¦ References: APA format is common and most acceptable. Sample discussion: The student performed the sheep eye dissection by following the standard procedure outlined in the Carolina guide. This dissection required proper safety equipment and attention to detail when making the initial incision through the sclera in order to maintain the choroid and retinal areas within the eye. The student used dissection scissors to remove the outer muscles and expose the location of the optic nerve within the adipose protective tissue associated with the posterior and lateral eye. Scissors were used to further open the sclera since the pressure from the scalpel would detach internal structures. Delicate and precise incisions were required to maintain the lens and attachment to the cilliary bodies or ligaments that suspend the lens within the aqueous humor behind the cornea. Aqueous humor and vitreous humor were observed in situ as the cornea and sclera were separated using scissors and pins to stabilize the specimen. The student made note of the unique structure called the tapetum which allows the sheep to have acute nocturnal vision. The tapetum is located deep to the retina and serves as a reflector and enhancer of the light wavelengths available at night. Having completed the dissection the student decided to further the experience in a future lab by comparing eye structures of other mammals or non-mammal animals in order to determine if there are structural similarities to the mammal eye.

ACT I notes: King Lear :: essays research papers

Act I, scenes i–ii Summary: Act I, scene i Unhappy that I am, I cannot heave My heart into my mouth. -Cordelia speaks these words when she address her father, King Lear, who has demanded that his daughters tell him how much they love him before he divides his kingdom among them (I.i.90–92). In contrast to the empty flattery of Goneril and Regan, Cordelia offers her father a truthful evaluation of her love for him: she loves him â€Å"according to my bond†; that is, she understands and accepts without question her duty to love him as a father and king. Although Cordelia loves Lear better than her sisters do, she is unable to â€Å"heave† her heart into her mouth, as her integrity prevents her from making a false declaration in order to gain his wealth. Lear’s rage at what he perceives to be her lack of affection sets the tragedy in motion. Cordelia’s refusal to flatter Lear, then, establishes her virtue and the authenticity of her love, while bringing about Lear’s dreadful error of judgment. The play begins with two noblemen, Gloucester and Kent, discussing the fact that King Lear is about to divide his kingdom. Their conversation quickly changes, however, when Kent asks Gloucester to introduce his son. Gloucester introduces Edmund, explaining that Edmund is a bastard being raised away from home, but that he nevertheless loves his son dearly. Lear, the ruler of Britain, enters his throne room and announces his plan to divide the kingdom among his three daughters. He intends to give up the responsibilities of government and spend his old age visiting his children. He commands his daughters to say which of them loves him the most, promising to give the greatest share to that daughter. Lear’s scheming older daughters, Goneril and Regan, respond to his test with flattery, telling him in wildly overblown terms that they love him more than anything else. But Cordelia, Lear’s youngest (and favorite) daughter, refuses to speak. When pressed, she says that she cannot â€Å"heave her heart into her mouth,† that she loves him exactly as much as a daughter should love her father, and that her sisters wouldn’t have husbands if they loved their father as much as they say (I.i.90–91). In response, Lear flies into a rage, disowns Cordelia, and divides her share of the kingdom between her two sisters. The earl of Kent, a nobleman who has served Lear faithfully for many years, is the only courtier who disagrees with the king’s actions.

Accounting Fraud through Product Costing

Fraud is a malicious obtaining of money or property by deception then accompanied by concealment of theft and translation of stolen property or money into personal resources for private use. The costs of fraud are difficult to estimate because not all uncovered fraud is disclosed for correct action to be pursued. Most fraud is committed by the trusted and valued employees and it leads to shock and disbelief when such cases are discovered Cones, 2011).Such fraudulent behavior may include cutting costs, spending corporate and shareholder money on personal expenses, and manipulating financial records for personal needs. Through fraud examination, organizations can be able to determine if fraud occurs and in such case help to gather relevant evidence for the crime, the financial records are analyzed by financial detectives and relevant surveillance conducted to mitigate such hideous acts. A comprehensive review on the organizations internal control is carried out to ensure all workers co mply with the relevant regulatory standards and industry benchmarks.This process also conducts analytical review on key accounting areas to reveal Seibel fraudulent activities. Forensic accountants can investigate frauds, investigate accountants, forensic auditors or fraud auditors. Scientific knowledge can be used to relate and investigate crimes through Interactive process and assess evidences of crimes committed. According to Siltstone & Sheets (2012), these experts have analyzed several cases and most fraud In product costing results from overstatements of revenues or understatement of receivables and Inventory. References Siltstone, H. , & Sheets, M. (2012).

Feasibility study of laundry shop Essay

A. Background of the study Before the advent of the washing machine, apart from watercourses, laundry shop was also done in communal or public washhouses, water was channeled from a river or spring and fed into a building or outbuilding built specifically for laundry purposes and often containing two basins – one for washing and other for rinsing – through which the water was constantly flowing, as well as a stone lip inclined towards the water against which the washers could beat the clothes. Such facilities were much more comfortable than washing in a watercourse because the launderers could work standing-up instead of on their knees, and were protected from inclement weather by walls and a roof. Also, they didn’t have to go far, as the facilities were usually at hand in the village or at  the edge of town. These facilities were public and available to all families, and usually used by the entire village. The laundry job was reserved for women, who washed all their family’s laundry or the laundry of others as a paid job. Clothes washer technologies develop as a way to reduce the manual labor spent, providing an open basin or sealed container with paddles or fingers to automatically agitate the clothing. The earliest machines were hand-operated and constructed from wood, while later machines made of metal permitted a fire to burn below the washtub, keeping the water warm throughout the day’s washing. Koronadal city is also known as a †MARBEL†, a third class City in Philippines and Capital town of South Cotabato and Regional center of Region Xll, the word Koronadal has been derived from two B’laan words-â€Å"Koron or Kolon† meaning cogon grass and â€Å"Nadal or Datal† which means the place to the natives. The other name of Marbel is a B’laan term â€Å"MARB-EL† means â€Å"MURKY WATER† referring to a river and now called Marbel River. B. Rationale of the study A laundry shop is intended for the residents of Koronadal City and it’s nearby Municipalities. It significantly act as a helper for the people who does not have enough time to do the laundry, it’s basically to help the residents lessen their work loud and ensure that their clothes are clean. In that case, a laundry shop is the answer to the need for clean clothes in less time, less cost and less effort. C. Objectives of the study The study aims to determine the feasibility of establishing a laundry shop in Koronadal City. Specifically it such to understand the following question. 1. Describe the profile of laundry shop business in Koronadal City. 2. Discuss the feasibility of the purposed study of the following aspects: a.  Organizational b. Operational or technical c. Marketing d. Financial 3. Present the findings of the purposed study of the following aspects: a. Organizational b. Operational or technical c. Marketing d. Financial D. Scope of the study This study focuses only on laundry. E. Significance of the study This study aims to provide information data of establishing laundry shop in Koronadal City. What ware the essential aspect involve in this business to make this business profitable, give satisfaction for the customers and help the economy of the nation. F. Definition of terms Laundry -is the washing of clothing and linens. -the material that is being washed, or has been laundered. Laundry shop -a place where clothes are washed and iron Washing machine -is a machine to wash laundry, such as clothing & sheets. CHAPTER II Review Related Literature CHAPTER III Methodology This study will present based on the procedure of the research study which starts in the research design, target population and sampling procedure, data gathering procedure and data processing analysis. A. Research Design In order to gather the necessary information/fact, the researchers of this study used the descriptive method to be able to know the different requirements regarding the viability and desirability in terms of organizational, operational or technical, marketing and financial aspects of the business. To gather more information and fact about this study, the researchers approached the various owners/managers of existing of the laundry shop. The study focuses within the locality of Koronadal City. The researchers conduct interviews and observation to come up to the reliable information and facts.

Reflection on Personal Development in Relation to Self-Awareness and Listening Skills The WritePass Journal

Reflection on Personal Development in Relation to Self-Awareness and Listening Skills Reference list Reflection on Personal Development in Relation to Self-Awareness and Listening Skills IntroductionBodyConclusionReference listRelated Introduction This essay will examine my personal self development in relation to self-awareness and listening skills. Personal development refers to a  set  of activities that one can engage in for the purpose of enhancing self  knowledge  and  identity. It involves talent and potential development,  building  of human  capital  as well as employability, improving the quality of life, and last but not least, playing a role towards the realization of aspirations and dreams. The  idea  of personal development is not only limited to  self  development, but also entails formal and informal activities meant to  develop  others, as well.  For instance, counseling, teaching, guiding, mentoring, coaching and managing, for instance, just as required of a mental healthcare practitioner. Body Before, while working as a mental healthcare practitioner, I came to realize that, I  had  the desire to  attend  to others, but was  really  poor  at listening.  I felt like most people I was attending to were not  really  sure of what they actually wanted and that, I knew better what they were in need of.  Because I had trouble being patient enough to  listen, I  often  never got to understand what they were talking about.  The problem with this experience was that I never  really  got to provide sufficient solutions to most problems that  were relayed  to me.  After realizing this  challenge  and making an effort to  start  listening  better, I have realized how easy it can be to  communicate  and understand others much  better. Consequently, I have been able to be of much  help  in my endeavors anywhere and at  anytime. Given a chance again probably as a healthcare practitioner, I know I can be able to build rapport wi th my fellow colleagues, bosses and even the clients. Self awareness is a  fundamental  factor at the core of this  broad  and  significant  pursuit. Widening one’s self awareness involves discovering new truths about an individual. Self awareness can be described as a  circle  whereby everything within and without the circle is the  self. Those things that exist within the circle are the things that one’s current level of self awareness allows one  to consciously comprehend  (Johns, 2005). As a person’s circle of self awareness expands, not only is he or she consciously aware of a greater  portion  of him or herself, but also the borders of his or her  awareness  have enlarged in such a way that, his or her  self  awareness borders upon a widened area of future  discovery  and development. The more doors an  individual  opens, the more he or she realizes there are to be opened. Personal development starts at a point of self awareness. In fact, it may as well be the ultimate end (Johns, 2005). As I have come to  learn, self awareness is quite  important.  The views we hold concerning the daily happenings of the world and even of  our  personal lives  hugely  determines for an individual the  state  of the  world  he or she is living in as well as his/her being.  Therefore, one important lesson which can be learnt in life is the  significance  of the things we focus on.  When a person thinks about failure, he or she will  definitely  find reasons  to  certainly  succumb  to it.  When  you  think about health and well-being, you will essentially make the important decision  of doing everything within your  reach  that will lead to better health and well-being (Johns, 2005). At a personal level, the  idea  of personal development involves activities such as improving self  knowledge  and  awareness, building identity, developing strengths, spiritual development, enhancing potential, improving health, fulfilling aspirations, enhancing lifestyles,   improving wealth, improving social abilities, and building human capital (Johns, 2005).  In my pursuit of personal development, I have come to  notice  that, any kind of  development  whether  personal, economic, geological, political or organizational, demands a  framework to be able to  know  whether  change  has in  reality  occurred.  For the case of personal development, a person  frequently  operates as the principal  judge  of improvement. Corroboration of  objective  improvement requires an assessment which has to be carried out using a standard criterion (Johns, 2005). These frameworks comprise of benchmarks or goals that define the strategies, end-po ints or plans for achieving goals, appraisals and evaluation of progress, levels that  describe  milestones, and finally a feedback mechanism that provides information on developments. Poor communication is an inexorable  cause  of stress (Moss, 2008). One area of communication where most people are worst at is listening. It is through the significant impact of personal development that an individual can grow and improve his or her relationships, wealth, happiness, health, and careers. According to Burnand (1997), listening and attending are by far the most  vital  aspects of being an     effective  healthcare professional.  Most times, I feel I am obliged  to  talk  and  do  only a  little  listening.  Over-talking on the part of healthcare professionals is  normally  considered to be less productive (Burnand, 1997).  I   will develop in my listening skills   so that I can be of   help  to other people.   It is   important  to understand the difference between attending and listening to a person. Attending  generally  involves ,a  true  direction  of focus on the other person  you  are communicating with.  It requires one  to consciously pay attention of what the person is actually saying and what he or she is trying to  communicate.  Listening, on the other hand, is the process of hearing the other person  you  are communicating with.  It requires an individual  to not only  note  what the other person is saying, but also the other many, aspects of communication (Burnand, 1997). Before, I never used to  have  the capacity  to consciously choose  the perspectives I  took.  Most of my thoughts, which I may consider as being  stealthy  behavior, had been rolling with life, becoming influenced by events around me, the media, as well as my peers.  This made me feel like I gave up my  power  as a human being to come up with my world the way I possibly  see  it.  In other words, it felt like I was using my own  power  against myself to make myself feel  absolutely  powerless.  It was impossible to develop and  grow  myself with a lack of self awareness Johns, (2005). After, making enough efforts to  get  myself into a point of self awareness with improved listening skills, I have been able to maintain a high level of self awareness by keeping my attention focused on everything going on around me. It is  true  to say that human beings are complex and diverse Elearn Limited, (2005). To  develop  my  self  awareness, I have been able to develop an understanding of myself based on a number of self awareness areas for example personality, habits, emotions, values, and needs.  Through, a personal  study  of  myself it  has been  evident  to me that, personal needs, and values can not be changed based on what I have been able to learn about myself.  However, an understanding of my  personality  has enabled me to  discover  those areas where I can  flourish, and avoid situations that are likely to cause  unwarranted  stress  to my life. For instance, I have come to  acknowledge  the fact that I am an in trovert. It is  essential  for each person to  acknowledge  and focus on personal values. My current priority has been to  build  my relationship with God. It has been  very  hard personally for me to keep sight of this priority on a day-to-day basis. During a  normal  busy  day, I  face  so many challenges and arising opportunities that my list of â€Å"things to be done† often exceeds the  time  available for me to  do  them.  Because of this reason, before, a lot of times I used to  find  myself spending much time on activities of lower priority since only few of these things  are related  to what I value most.  Currently, I can  get  myself to focus enough attention on my values, and as a result, I am always much more likely to  realize  those things I  consider  most  important. Habits can be described as those behaviors that one routinely and frequently automatically repeats (Elearn Limited, 2005). I have realized that, I always have the  urge  to develop habits that would  enable  me to interact effectively with other people, especially while executing my duties as a mental health practitioner. Before, in while attending to my patients, I never used  to  often  consult  enough before making  important  decisions. This habit interfered with my ability to  build  the  commitment  of the people around me towards the decisions I make. I have since come to  learn  that, there are a number of  psychological  needs that fuels a person’s behaviors, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Personally, I have been able to understand how  certain  needs in my life affect my interpersonal relationships.  After making this realization, today, I am able to  know  which needs actually influences my behaviors most. Looking at my life, I am always in a high  need  for status. I am  very  much attracted to high-status occupations, and desperately in need for high-status positions in  high status  organizations. This is one of the reasons why I found myself joining the( medical )industry. I always have the desire to be shown respect, and  get  privileges that most people of a lower  status  are not able to  acquire.  For this reason, many times, I find myself fighting for things that other groups of people  consider  inconsequential,  for example spacious rooms and fancy things.   It is  evident  to me that needs  cause  motivations. When they are not fulfilled they  cause     lot of frustrations, unease,  stress  and conflict. Emotional self awareness is a  topic  that causes much  excitement  to me because of its impacts (Pavlina, 2008). It also happens to be one of the components of emotional intelligence. Being in a  state  whereby  you  are able to  understand  your own feelings, the things that  trigger  them, as well as how they impact on your thoughts together with your actions on a daily basis can be considered to be  emotional  self awareness. Before, while starting my career as a mental healthcare worker, I realized that, at first I was  very  much enthusiastic. Slowly I started losing the  motivation  and the  excitement  faded. Before, the question that lingered on my  mind  most  was  whether I could be able to  get  the  excitement  once again. To answer this question I managed to seek the services of a counselor who informed me that, before I can be able to answer that question I needed to understand the  internal  processes that  are concerned  with getting excited.  For sure this sounds  quite  easier than it actually is.  She gave me another  perspective  of looking at the matter i.e. associating the  internal  processes that  are concerned  with getting excited in my work place. Most patients are aggressive, restless and irritable on admission, this   makes me feel like   nursing stable patients only, however I become excited when patients are mentally stable and on their way home. Similarly, an  individual  with  high  standards of emotional self awareness is better informed about the  internal  processes involved with emotional experiences and, therefore, has a better control over them (Pavlina, 2008). People can develop interests towards their jobs by probably doing things differently. This way, I have been able to  sustain  my  subsequent  jobs that I have been taking. I   have evaluated my perfomance and identified areas of which I would like to develop in order to improve my standard of achievements in my skills. Kolb‘s learning cycle(currently have a better control over my feelings and emotional experiences  thus, I am able to  tackle  things differently in different environments, in different occasions and  in  different ways. Concerning my personal awareness, I will  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   have become aware of my good qualities and weaknesses. Therefore I will arrange clinical supervision with my mentor to plan future development. Butterworth (1996) suggested minimum clinical supervision of 45minutes every four weeks. Conclusion Personal development refers to a  set  of activities that one can engage in for the purpose of enhancing self  knowledge  and  identity. It involves  talent  and  potential  development,  building  of human  capital  as well as employability, improving the quality of life, and last but not least playing a role towards the realization of aspirations and dreams. The  idea  of personal development is not only limited to  self  development, but also entails formal and informal activities meant to  develop  others, as well. As a person’s circle of self awareness expands, not only is he or she consciously aware of a greater  portion  of him or herself, but also the borders of his or her  awareness  have enlarged in such a way that, his or her  self  awareness borders upon a widened area of future  discovery  and development. The more doors an  individual  opens, the more he or she realizes there are to be opened. Listening and attending are by far the most  vital  aspects of being an  effective  healthcare professional.  Over-talking on the part of healthcare professional is  normally  considered to be  less  productive.  If people can  train  themselves to learn on how  to  really  listen  to others, then they can be of  really  much  help  to the society.  Personal development starts at a point of self awareness. In fact, it may as well be the ultimate end. It through the significant impact of personal  development that an individual can grow and improve his or her relationships, wealth, happiness, health, and careers. Self awareness is a  fundamental  factor at the core of this broad and  significant  pursuit. Widening ones self awareness involves discovering new truths about an individual.  Any kind of  development  whether  personal, economic, geological, political or organizational, demands a  framework  for one to be able to  know  whether  change  has in reality occurred.  For the case of personal development, a person  frequently  operates as the principal judge  of improvement. Corroboration of  objective  improvement requires an assessment which has to be carried out using a standard criterion. Reference list Butterworth, T.1996.Primary attempts at research based evaluation of clinical supervision.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nursing Times Research 1(2):96-112  Ã‚   Burnand, P., 1997. Effective communication skills for healthcare professionals. Cheltenham:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nelson Thornes. Elearn Limited., 2005. Managing yourself. Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. Johns, H., 2005. Personal development in counselor training. London: Sage Publishers. Moss, B., 2008. Communication skills for health and social care. London: Sage. Pavlina, S., 2008. Personal development for smart people. London: Hayhouse. Rolfe, G., Freshwater, D. Jasper, M., 2001. Critical reflection for nursing and helping  Ã‚  Ã‚   professionals. Palgrave MacMillan.

History of the Pneumatic Tubes

History of the Pneumatic Tubes Pneumatic devices are various tools and instruments that generate and utilize compressed air. Pneumatics are everywhere in important inventions, however, they are relatively unknown to the general public. History of the First Pneumatic Tools The hand bellows used by early smelters and blacksmiths for working iron and metals was a simple type of air compressor and the first pneumatic tool. Pneumatic Air Pumps and Compressors During the 17th century, German physicist and engineer Otto von Guericke experimented with and improved air compressors. In 1650, Guericke invented the first air pump. It could produce a partial vacuum and Guericke used it to study the phenomenon of vacuum and the role of air in combustion and respiration. In 1829, the first stage or compound air compressor was patented. A compound air compressor compresses air in successive cylinders. By 1872, compressor efficiency was improved by having the cylinders cooled by water jets, which led to the invention of water-jacketed cylinders. Pneumatic Tubes The best-known pneumatic device is, of course, the pneumatic tube. A pneumatic tube is a method of transporting objects using compressed air. In the past, pneumatic tube s  were often used in large office buildings to transport messages and objects from office to office. The first documented genuine pneumatic tube in the United States is officially listed in a 1940 patent issued to Samuel Clegg and Jacob Selvan. This was a vehicle with wheels, on a track, positioned within a tube. Alfred Beach built a pneumatic train subway in New York City (a giant pneumatic tube) based on his 1865 patent. The subway ran briefly in 1870 for one block west of City Hall. It was Americas first subway. The cash carrier invention sent money in little tubes traveling by air compression from location to location in a department store so that change could be made. The first mechanical carriers used for store service was patented (#165,473) by D. Brown on July 13, 1875. However, it was not until 1882 when an inventor called Martin patented improvements in the system that the invention became widespread. Martins patents were numbered 255,525 issued March 28, 1882, 276,441 issued April 24, 1883, and 284,456 issued on September 4, 1883. The Chicago postal pneumatic tube service began between the post office and the Winslow railroad station on August 24, 1904. The service used miles of tube rented from the Chicago Pneumatic Tube Company. Pneumatic Hammer and Drill Samuel Ingersoll invented the pneumatic drill in 1871. Charles Brady King of Detroit invented the pneumatic hammer (a hammer which is driven by compressed air) in 1890, and patented on January 28, 1894. Charles King exhibited two of his inventions at the 1893 Worlds Columbia Exposition; a pneumatic hammer for riveting and caulking and a steel brake beam for railroad road cars. Modern Pneumatic Devices During the 20th century, compressed air and of compressed-air devices increased. Jet engines use centrifugal and axial-flow compressors. Automatic machinery, labor-saving devices, and automatic control systems all use pneumatics. In the late 1960s, digital-logic pneumatic control components appeared.

Oil and Off Shore Drilling Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Oil and Off Shore Drilling - Research Paper Example While drilling of oil is deemed necessary for compensating the deficiency of oil and to reduce its ever-increasing price, the large scale environmental effects of offshore oil drilling cannot be overlooked. According to the law of environmental science mass is always constant and therefore the amount of materials human beings release into the environment must go somewhere and in the course renders its due effect on nature. Hence during oil spills a large area around the rig is affected destroying the habitat both of water and land. The BP and the Exxon Valdez oil spill cases are remarkable in this context and the arctic zone is extremely vulnerable (BP oil spill: Italy drilling ban hits UK-listed explorer, 2011; Fontova, 2008). Although offshore drilling was temporarily banned after the BP incident, the constant demand for oil and petroleum and its high price of $110 per barrel have prompted US to relax regulations and favor offshore drilling. Moreover the economic goals of meeting d eficiency and reducing prices are not met by increase in offshore drilling. ... Hence the team participants of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries have been deeming it conducive to boost the production of oil in order to control price rise. The author explains that when the supply increases in order to ensure future availability and reduction in cost, this further creates a boost in demand and hence the normal cases of price fall under increased supply does not take place. However while talking about oil price and the need to reduce the same, one needs to consider the global oil politics and the economy, which will be at stake. For instance, the oil exporting nations reap a major part of their revenues from oil. The sudden rise in oil prices made the oil dependant nations cautious about the supply strains and countries like United States put large-scale efforts to expand foreign reserves for future use. When the demand for oil fell suddenly in 2009, prices began to fall and this led to major problems with respect to decreasing government expenditur es and welfare activities in the oil exporting nations. The reserves of â€Å"easy oil† were already exhausted and extraction of â€Å"tough oil† requires large-scale investment in drilling and exploration, which the companies were not ready to make considering the falling demand. Therefore as the remaining reserves were getting depleted there was an impending rise in oil price, as demand would surge after recovery of the economy (Klare 2009). This shows the dangers involved in attempts to lowering of prices. Brian K. Mignone, director of research on Energy Security Initiative, has projected a similar explanation in his article ‘Offshore Drilling Will Not Significantly Lower Energy Prices’. Mignone (2008) observes that offshore drilling will

Case Study of Competition in Video Game Consoles Essay

Case Study of Competition in Video Game Consoles - Essay Example The early video games were simple and were not backed by sophisticated technology. In the current times, technology driven powerful consoles, pricing, wide variety in games and portability across different platforms are key elements that give leverage to the company. Indeed, though pricing of game units and games is hugely important, it is observed that advancing technology has increasingly played vital role in attracting the gamers. The next generation consoles, Xbox and Xbox 360, launched by Microsoft, have been leading game systems which have given tough competition to Sony’s PSP and PS2 systems and Nintendo’s Wii. Technology has emerged as important factor that provides gamers with unique experience and intrigues them as well as helps them to exploit their capabilities as gamers. The variety in games and appealing game titles constantly attract existing gamers as well as new ones and provide them with new ways to test their skills. Thus, firms which can provide the market with wide varieties in games that are backed by technology and relatively low cost would help become market leader in the video game industry. Answer 2 There are four chief drivers that are changing the dynamics of video games industry: demography: console technology; mobile gaming and online gaming. The first one is the widening database of gamers which have cut across age and gender. ... The next generation technology is important as fast processors, high-resolution screens and sound effect provide the gamers with high-end experience. The increasing popularity of handheld gaming devices like PSP has inspired the industry to introduce sophisticated games in the mobiles. Moreover the expanding database of mobile users is crucial factor that could provide the firms with competitive advantage in the industry. Thus, leading game providers are forging network relationships with mobile manufacturers and using the platform to maintain their leverage in the industry. The last but not the least important is the use of internet in gaming devices. The users are able to download new games and movies that significantly cuts cost of going to the market and buying games. Most importantly, use of wi-fi in the gaming devices greatly facilitates mobility and helps users to access new games even when they are outside their house. Answer 3 Microsoft, Sony and Nintendo are three big compa nies in the field of video games in US. Microsoft has been a leadership company in the area of computing and home entertainment. It has exploited its technology expertise to develop video games that would enhance user experience. The company has also used extensive marketing, especially viral marketing to advertise its video games consoles and video games. It has also tried to ensure that its first mover advantage is maintained by constantly improving its technology and giving more variety in games. Sony has used its market leadership in audio-video products, communication and IT based products to introduce video games and capture significant market share of the industry.

You can choose any topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

You can choose any topic - Essay Example The film Real Women have Curves was directed by Patricia Cardoso and produced by George LaVoo in 2002. The film can be overly attributed to depicting the female gaze. This is evident in that the main character, Anna Garcia, displays the levels to which a female can rise if only she releases herself from the societal limitations placed on her based on gender. In the film, she goes against her family’s will of taking up employment immediately she clears high school and opts to pursue further education. Her family’s intent was to put her into employment so that she could support them. However, she disapproves of this and pursues university education at the Columbia University (Cardoso n.p.). The portrayals of Anna seek to suggest that women have the right to their choices in life, and that by ignoring the societal construction of their weakness, they can achieve as much as they dream of. One point in the film which supports the female gaze concept is that Anna’s mother thinks that it is unattractive and unacceptable of a woman to have excess weight. This is seen in that she is constantly complaining about Anna’s weight saying she will never find a suitor. Anna however despises this statement which suggests of her mother’s possession by the male gaze. She appreciates herself and does nothing to reduce her weight so as to â€Å"please men† (Berardinelli 327). Additionally, Anna is free to speak up her mind and does not care as long as it means the best for her while not disrupting anyone else. In the film, this is seen in that she openly shoots down her mother’s suggestion that she should not further her education since education is useless. In its place, her mother offers to teach her to be a good housekeeper, being a good mother, and raising children. Anna again says that she is never going to be a housewife, and that education is the best way of achieving her dreams

Strategy of Channelization in River Systems

Strategy of Channelization in River Systems The purpose of this essay is to analyze the strategy of channelization in river systems in order to reduce flooding, and other purposes such as navigation. Also the importance of channel forms and the value of the systems approach are evaluated within this essay when considering the pros and cons of restoration activities and whether these schemes are beneficial to the environment. Overall this essay will look at the environmental degradation caused by channelization and determine whether channelization is the most beneficial strategy in reducing flooding or are there alternatives that lead to less environmental degradation. Channel forms: Channel forms help humans comprehend the behaviour of rivers. This is vital as one can foresee how rivers may be affected by various changes and restoration schemes. Thus, the ability to protect and restore river health is enhanced. Channel forms are regulated by convoluted interactions between profuse environmental variables. This is why the systems approach is a useful method when analysing channel systems, as it does not just look at one variable but all of the linked variables involved. Even with this system shaping channel forms is highly dependent on geology; directly and indirectly over a prolonged period. Human interactions have also had an impact on the change of channel form for instance channelization (Water and river commissions, 2002). Channelization and its implementation: Human interaction with river systems is both the reason why channelization was implemented for example as a result of flooding and the cause of environmental degradation of the river systems. Humans interact with river systems in many ways and have impacted flooding of river channels due to increased population pressure, which has put a growing demand on water supply systems leading to environmental degradation. Deforestation around river channels have also increased flooding as deforestation impacts the interaction between precipitation and the drainage basin response. Due to increased awareness of river behaviour and dynamics new strategies were implemented and overtime humans modernised engineering structures and built broad structures to control and regulate river flows, such as channelization. Channelization according to Brookes is a type of â€Å"river engineering whereby the natural river channels are modified to control flooding, drain wetlands, and improve river channels for navigation, control stream-bank erosion and to improve river alignment† (Brookes, 1988). River channelization has seven types of alterations (Gregory, 2006). These are â€Å"(1) re-sectioning and realignment, (2) Dredging, (3) Snagging and clearing, (4) Levees or artificial embankments, (5) Bank protection, (6) Bed protection and (7) River training† (Charlton, 2008). An example where these alterations have been implemented is during the channelization of the River Raba in Carpathians, Poland (Wyzga, 1993). However, these engineering structures tend to have a large impact on river and the natural ecology and hydrology of the channel system. For years humans have interacted with channels and altered the natural geology of the systems and thus have lead to severe impacts on the â€Å"physical, chemical and ecological condition of the channel systems† (Brookes, 1988). The impacts of channelization usually involve the alteration of river hydraulics and the decrease of instream habitat. Other impacts discovered as a result of these alterations include increased water temp, erosion, elimination of bankside habitat. These impacts can cause severe environmental degradation (Gregory, 2006). Environmental degradation: The deterioration of systems within the environment by either natural or human influence is considered environmental degradation and as channelization alters the natural river system it leads to extreme environmental degradation. Impacts on the environment associated with human interference are usually quite complex and are mostly long term effects. Nevertheless, few studies have been conducted on the long term effects of channelization (Brooker, 1985). Swales (1982a) however inspected several environmental effects on channel engineering systems, in particular the impact on stream habitat and discovered that channelization has a major impact on instream and bankside habitat (Brooker, 1985), as well as the hydrology, aspects of flow and suspended sediment within river systems (Wilcock, 1991). Effects of channelization can also occur downstream in a channel system which broadens the extent of ecological disturbance (Brooker, 1985). The increase of flow velocity and its carrying capacity as a result of shortening and straightening the channels has an immediate ecological effect on instream habitat as many ecosystems need particular conditions in terms water velocity (Gore, 1978). This destruction within the channel systems leads to erosion of bankside vegetation which increases sediment loads in the channel (Keller, 1976; Karr and Schlosser, 1978). Sediment loads in channel systems are usually low (Lewin, 1981), however, in channelized rivers se the loads are increased as bed/channel wall sediments are scraped up. This release of sediment has major effects on the ecology of the river (Wilcock, 1991) as removal of bankside vegetation leads to temp changes and in results affects the ecosystem as well as reducing energy flow (Brooker, 1985). In some cases channel slopes have also seen as increase whilst channel roughness is seen to reduce. An example of environmental degradation was shown in Gregory (2006) which involved the Channelization of the Blackwater River in Johnson County, Missouri. This channel was shortened in 1910 in order to reduce flooding by deepening and widening the channel by â€Å"up to four times its original size† (Emerson, 1971). This subsequent lowering and increase of channel width lead to increased erosion in the river system, also bridge repairs have had to be carried out and there has been a severe loss of farmland. â€Å"Downstream reduction in channel capacity has caused suspended sediment in turn increased flooding rather than reducing it due to termination of dredging† (Emerson, 1971). Alternatives: Channelization was initially implemented to straighten and shorten river channels to reduce flooding. It was also implemented to decrease flow velocity and prevent flooding, however, this lead to environmental degradation which resulted in the depletion of instream habitats and depleted drainage function. As channelization has had problems leading to environmental degradation, alternative channel schemes have been developed to enhance water quality functions whilst preserving drainage function and lessening environmental degradation (Evans, Bass, Burchell, Hinson, Johnson and Doxey, 2007). There are many alternatives to channelization that environmentalists could install; one such method is stream renovation which has been implemented on â€Å"streams in Charlotte, North Carolina† (Nunnally, 1978). Unlike channelization stream restoration aims to decrease the risk of flooding and drainage problems â€Å"by employing channel design guidelines that do not destroy the hydraulic and morphologic equilibria that natural streams possess† (Nunnally, 1978). Minimal straightening which promotes bank stability by leaving trees is employed in this scheme. Also the reduction of channel reshaping and the use of bank stabilization techniques are used here to reduce flooding and control erosion as well as sedimentation problems (Nunnally, 1879). Other alternatives involve the formation of in-stream wetlands and â€Å"lowering of the floodplain to reconnect the channel with the floodplain, redesign of channels using natural channel design principles, and establishment of conservation easements† (Evans, Bass, Burchell, Hinson, Johnson and Doxey, 2007). Restoration: Recognising channel forms and understanding how they behave and change is crucial for managing and protecting channel systems, especially for river restoration activities. Due to severe environmental degradation restoration schemes have been implemented. Though, it is not known whether these schemes are beneficial. Restoration activities generally improve bank stabilization (Florsheim, Mount, and Chin, 2008) and have positively increased depth and flow variety and velocity as well as increasing habitat diversity in channel systems (Pretty, Harrison, Shepherd, Smith, Hildrew and Hey, 2003). Other benefits include the protection of infrastructure around river channels, and in relation to instream habitat it guarantees overall ecological system. Restoration schemes allow the natural process in the channel systems to redevelop and surrounding landscapes to restore. Restoration schemes are constructive in counteracting the environmental degradation caused by channelization; yet there are a few cons. For instance natural processes may not necessarily be enhanced. Also a clear understanding of channel process is important in implementing these schemes, as they may sacrifice natural conditions in order to protect infrastructure. Restoration schemes are extremely expensive and very complicated therefore it is generally impossible to remove all human influences meaning restoration may not lead to higher biological diversity. Channelization is commonly used to prevent flooding of channel systems; however, it has been found that the adverse impacts created by channelization projects far outweigh the benefits they intend to create. It is for this reason that alternative strategies are being developed so that in the long run creates less environmental degradation. The use of the systems approach is important as the use of all variables regulated by channel forms is necessary in making the new strategies environmentally acceptable. Also increased knowledge of channel systems and its dynamics have helped better restoration schemes and thus leading to the recuperation of many already channelized systems.

Essay --

The Best Four Wheelchair Vans We Have Seen In 2013 It is hard to live with disability, because everyday things become a challenge. U.S. Census Bureau report from 2008 states that 3.3 million non-institutionalized Americans over age 15 years use wheelchairs. The reason why there are so many people with disabilities is that U.S. spent decades at war. This is why mobility industry is rethinking the products it provides to support a growing demographic. Vantage Mobility International (VMI) and Braun Ability are two leading industry players that spent decades converting wheelchair vans from companies such as Chrysler , Toyota , and Honda into wheelchair-accessible modes of transportation. VMI Toyota Sienna (Base MSRP: up to $25,000 + cost of van) Toyota Sienna is the most selling model of VMI and they work directly with Toyota in the conversion process. In order for everything to fit properly, integration of VMI’s mobility specific features was performed with Toyota as a consultant. Rear axle and seats of the VMI Sienna are moved rearward by 12 inches to extend the amount of usable passenger space inside the minivan. Also, the floorpan is dropped 12.75 inches with the goal to get more headroom and a lower ramp angle for easier entry and exit. The vans that have gone through the modifications have been crash tested to ensure that they maintain at least the same safety rating as they did before the conversion. Toyota Sienna comes with â€Å"in-floor† system that VMI is known for. In opposed to "fold-out"-style ramp, the in-floor unit is placed between the passenger floor and the bottom of the vehicle. The main advantage of an in-floor ramp is that it doesn't intrude into the passenger area of the van when stowed, which leaves more room for ... ... How To Choose A Van For You? Since there are so many options on the market, take several options in consideration and choose the best one according to you specific requirements. Gather all information, so you can compare in-floor with fold-out ramps and choose one according to the conditions you will be using it. If you're based in an area where it rains and snows a lot, an in-floor lift may be solution to helping you keep your interior clean. Fold-out lift may be a better option if you live in area with lots of curbs and hills. All wheelchair accessible vans described above could be found in Better Life Mobility Centers in Riverside , La Mesa , California and Las Vegas , Nevada. Our friendly staff will help you look for a handicap wheelchair van that you will enjoy! Visit our showrooms to get all needed info about mobility vans or see online our vehicle inventory.

Creative Brief Template (IMC Brief) Essay

1Marketing Objectives The brand’s marketing objectives such as share or volume goals, summary of market situation, key competitor activity, marketing issues and challenges. H&H’s successful brand image and channel development resulted in an over 60% market share in Taiwan and around 20%-70% of market share around the world. Marketing issues and challenges faces within the company and the brand darlie.For them to keep ahead in the ever-changing market, and continue its expansion plan, H&H-CP needed a complete channel strategy. Specifically, it wanted to, further increase the volume of purchase by the channels, and completely edge out competitors. The challenges face within the brand is the protray of racism to the black and religious commuity which H&H have been trying to change its packaging and its brand darkie to darlie. However until date, the logo of the toothpaste still exsist which cost a stir to the community and also the market as many people will boycott the product. Build a strong, technology-superior channel management system without disrupting the existing one. Their competitor includes, pearlie white, sensodyne, Kodomo and systema. These are the leading competitor that have been significant in the singapore market. 2Communication Objectives What the communication needs to accomplish (e.g. change awareness, attitude, opinion, consideration or perception, etc†¦ including quantitative measures, what consumers are expected to think, feel or do. The Hawley & Hazel Group is a reliable and trusted manufacturer of high quality oral care products, including the world-renowned Darlie brand of toothpastes and toothbrushes. Established in 1933, Hawley & Hazel has enjoyed a long history as one of the most respected and recognised oral care names in Asia. Darlie toothpastes and toothbrushes are a firm family favourite for generations of consumers across the region. It is our goal to give our consumers a healthy and sparkling white smile, enabling them to feel attractive and confident, wherever they are. The Hawley & Hazel Group’s commercial efforts have attained significant success, and Hawley & Hazel’s toothpaste products, sold under the Darlie brand, are a bestselling household name throughout the region. Today, Darlie toothpaste is one of the market leaders in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand, synonymous with clean white teeth and a confident smile everywhere. 3Corporate and / or Brand Positioning Taken from the corportate and / or brand line brand positioning. Includes target market, frame of reference, and the single relevant differentiated benefit (â€Å"RDB† – key benefit). The target market of darlie are most people young and old in the asia region as the leader in oral health care bringing healthy teeth and fresh bright smiles to families and individuals. However due to the racism case they have stop all sales in the USA and some parts of the world as they might be sued or even boycott by the people which racism is highly regarded in the country. 4Brand Character The key phrases or terms which describe the personality the brand should consistently portray. They are dedicated to developing and manufacturing leading edge oral hygiene products that harness the latest technology and some of the most state-of-the-art ideas in the industry. It is our goal to give our consumers a healthy and sparkling white smile, enabling them to feel attractive and confident, wherever they are. Unique fresh-tasting Darlie is your trusted brand in oral health care. It stands for healthy, clean white teeth and a fresh mouth, keeping you attractive and confident wherever you are. 5Target Audience Profile Demographics, psychographics, lifestyle and behavioural description of the target audience (eg, first time buyers, cautious buyers, brand loyalty status etc), that leads to a key consumer insight, the single most important observation on how the target relates to the brand or category. The Demographics of targeted customer are situated in the asia pacific region as the darlie sales in U.S have sparkled debates over the brand for many years even though H&H have been trying to change the perception of the people regarding the brand. Age group will be people around the age of 11-50 as darlie has come out with flavours of fresh mint only which does not entice the young to use it and purchase it. The psychographic target audience will be customers that know chinese as H&H have been trying to change the name from darkie to darlie however the chinese name remain the the chinese populated countries where people are aware of the brand for years already. The change of name in chinese populated country will bring down sales as they have been accustom to it for many years. 6Main Message / Communications Focus The most important message that must be communicated, expressed in consumer language. Must be single minded and linked to the the single relevant differentiated benefit (RDB). During the early days of darlie, they only produce normal tooth paste with one or two flavours to meet the needs of asia communities that are just progressing within their country. Therefore there are not much variation in the benefits it have and they do not look into the different problem faced by people having other oral problems. Now they have shifted towards different tooth care that entice young adults to puchase example whitening product and also products that help with sensitive tooth. Many of the advertisment were taiwanese actors as 80 percent of Taiwanese used Darlie as their toothpaste. 7Support / Permissions to Believe Key attributes that support the communication focus, reasons why the target audience can believe RDB will be delivered. Can be rational (product claims, features, technologies etc) or emotional (reputation, heritage, historical equities). For what I can see most advertisement are made using asian stars, this shows that they are trying hard to communicate and focus on asian to buy their products. Thats the reason why I believe they have successfully targeted the audience within their regent. They also seperate their product according to different kinds ranging from sensitive tooth to whitening. Different product have different advertisment to communicate with the target audience which are interested in the various products. Their packaging have also help customer recognise their product easily as they are more vibrant and always glow and get notice by customers easily. 8Current Audience Attitudes / Perception / Behaviour Relevant attitudes, behaviours and perceptions that need to be changed or will filter the key message (Use substantiating research where possible). Many singaporeans have potrays and naturally refered as colgate to toothpaste. With this statement, this proves that colgate has a very successful marketing communication to the consumers in singapore. This will further hinder in the sales of other brands of toothpaste as consumer always will think of colgate first when buying toothpaste for their own use. Whereas for Darlie, the brand name has been there more many years, but they are popular in the asia regent as chinese customers have always name it as darkie 9Desired Target Audience Response What they should think, feel and act after exposure to the communication. The promotional mix along with the advertising must be changed to reflect a more positive image of the product brand. Sales promotions, advertising, public relations, and personal selling efforts must be pursued to recapture market share and growth in the future. A reactive strategy is not the solution however a more proactive approach should have been pursued by management. These types of issues must be pursued and anticipated to accommodate the needs of the consuming public. 10Communication Evaluation How will the audience response be measured or evaluated (Detail research process and timings if relevant)? Every actor that have come out for the advertisement for the darlie are respectable figures with nice white teeth which is able to convince individual into purchasing the product which have been for many years in the industry. Successful new products driving the share gains include Colgate Total Professional Clean, Colgate Max White, Colgate Sensitive Enamel Protect and Darlie Sensitive Gum Protection toothpastes which consist of 18% of market shares around asia as cited in (http://investor.colgate.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=380743&ReleaseType=Earnings) during year 2009. 11Executional Manditories Executional requirements, elements that should or should not be shown. Covers anchor line, copy and/or visual treatment, cultural issues, language, body styles, legal constraints, specific management concerns etc. The things darlie should look out for is to try to avoid or rather change the perception of the brand slowly as many people have protest on the name of darlie and slowly enter the market in the US and the UK so to enhance maximum profit and capability of the product. They should also stop using the word black man tooth paste in the all chinese advertisment, to avoid further complication with the law. 12Budget Creative, Media, Production etc. Detail inclusions and exclusions. Emphasise that concepts that cannot be produced within budget should not be presented.