The Scramble for Africa Essay -- World History

The Scramble for Africa is one of the best examples of colonization in macrocosm history. Europe alone managed to colonize the entire African continent in a period of roughly twenty five years, spanning from 1875 to 1900. The quest for power by European nations was only one of the driving forces for this move for colonization. The geographical location and the natural resources to be exploited in certain regions of the continent were important factors in the race for land. Another factor that contributed to the colonization of Africa was the end of the slave trade. The need for new capitalism to exist between Europe and Africa after the call for the abolition of slavery became great. European traders were searching for new avenues for making money, as well as new ways to exploit of the natives of Africa, due to their perceived weakness as a people, made the quest for occupation relentless by European nations. Political, economical and social ambitions all led Europe to partition Af rica into separate colonies and the race to see what country could certify a monopoly in Africa became a European obsession.There is a consensus among historians that the political Scramble for Africa was begun by King Leopold of Belgium. King Leopold had been a supporter of Henry Stanley, a Welsh journalist and explorer of Africa. In the late 1870s, Stanley had been on another expedition to the Africa, mapping the Congo River from its origins to the ocean. Leopold had developed an fire in the Congo region in Africa. He sent Stanley as his private envoy of his International African Association in an effort to establish a foothold in the Congo region. Leopold had not been forthcoming in his intentions to Stanley. He led Stanley to believe it was his ... ... the continent of Africa resulted in millions of deaths, from mistreatment to disease to outright war waged against them. In many regions, the European countries raped the land of its nature resource with little concern for th e land or the people who lived on the land. Although their were some corroboratory improvements such as better transportation and healthcare, African cultures were destroyed and lives were lost in the process of European colonization. Works CitedAchebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. New York Anchor Books, 1994. Print. democratic Republic of Congo profile. BBC News. BBC. Web. 10 January 2012. Imperialism. Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary. 11th ed. 2008. Print.Ogbaa, Kalu. Understanding Things Fall Apart A Student Casebook to Issues, Sources, and Historical Documents. Westport, Connecticut Greenwood Press, 1999. Print.

Hawaiian Sovereignty Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Hawaii Essays

Hawaiian Sovereignty If all of this seems long ago and far away, it is worth remembering that the past is never past. (Faulkner cited in Ellison, P.274) legion(predicate) different groups today are seeking the sovereignty of Hawaii. The reason being that these mostly Native Hawaiian groups feel that they suffered a severe injustice when they were annexed into the united States against their own free will. They feel that since they were treated like objects kind of than human beings with rights and emotions, they now deserve reparations. The intentions of the different groups vary. Some only want reparations in the knead of money and acknowledgements of the inhuman acts that were affiliated against them and others want it in the form of independence for the island. However, restoring sovereignty to Hawaii would cause great injustices toward the non-natives living on the island today. So these groups should not be granted the sovereignty they are seeking.When we have pleaded for un derstanding our character has been distorted, when we have asked for simple caring, we have been handed empty inspirational appellations, then stuck in the farthest corner.(Walker, p. 698). When the United States managed to annex Hawaii in 1898, they did break the law and the human code of conduct. A joint resolution of Congress produced the annexation rather than a two-thirds majority pick out, which is required under the United States Constitution. (MacKenzie, p.24) Also, the Native Hawaiians were vastly opposed to the annexation because it violated a treaty the U.S. had with Hawaii stating that they would not come in with Hawaiis right to self-government. (Castanha, p.2) So when the U.S. held a vote on whether or not Hawaii should become a state, many Hawaiians did not vote because their only choices were statehood or staying a territory of the U.S. and they did not want either of these. Many people today question the validity of the statehood because of the legal violations of long ago. Also, as human beings there is a naturally agreed upon law that we share with one another and that is to treat people with respect and dignity. The U.S. did not do this when they do by the treaty and the law to annex Hawaii. These are the reasons that Native Hawaiians are presently seeking reparations.Prior to 1778, about 600,000 people, mostly all Native Hawaiia... ...om this injustice committed against human beings.Works CitedCastanha, Anthony. (1996, August). A History of the Hawaiian Sovereignty Movement. The Hawaiian Sovereignty Movement Roles and Impacts on Non-Hawaiians, Chapter 3. 10/14/00Ellison, Ralph. (1986). An Extravagance of Laughter. Ways of Reading. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, p.274. man Rights. The World Book Encyclopedia, 1997 ed, p.678.Inouye, Dan. (2000, September 14). U.S. Relationship with Native Hawaiians. FDCH Congressional Testimony. Online source Academic Search Elite. 10/25/00Jaffrey, Zia. (1998, February). Truth and Reconciliation Commission Interview. Progressive, Vol. 62 anesthetise 11, p.18.Jovik, Sonia P. and James O. Jovik. (1997). History. Atlas of Hawaii. Honolulu University of Hawaii Press, p.408.MacKenzie, Melody Kapilialoha. (1991). Native Hawaiian Rights Handbook. Honolulu Native Hawaiian Legal Corporation/ Office of Hawaiian Affairs, p. 24.Walker, Alice. (1974). In Search of Our Mothers Gardens. Ways of Reading. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, pp. 694-701.

Popular Music Essay -- Entertainment

Introduction ordinary medicament is popular afresh, and its e precisewhere. Whether its the idols, the stars, the competitors or the academy, the come apart music diligence has not perpetually flaunted itself to such a large extent. But how can we mark burst music? Where is its place? Many would contend that it pertains sorely be over the levels of teenagers bedrooms worldwide. Others would state it is most at home recorded on the bank balance of a foremost multinational organisation. An parcelling of persons would assert that burst music has no home, and is just a fad commended by the culturally inept, those who are only adept of enjoying a pre-formatted, formulaic intersection of the nicety labor. Or is it infects a varied and creative occurrence, permitting a communally and culturally wealthy expression? Maybe burst music get out not ever so be pigeon holed as such, but I wish to recognise the contentions surrounding popular music and work out its location intimate pop ular culture and inside up to date society (Shanahan 2001).DiscussionThe subject of burst music appears to have been thinly affected on by numerous writers when conversing nearly popular culture, but no one have theorised on the theme as much as Theodora Adorn. Adornos set about, which is compelled very powerful by its Marxist leanings, is founded mostly on facts of 1930s Germany, and subsequently, the United States when The Frankfurt School re-located to New York in 1933.Adorno converses about popular music as a production of the culture industry, a formulaic and obstinate master-plan to which all burst music adheres. He proposed that burst music hears for the listener and is pre-digested and he nearly collaborates with Marcuses idea of The One-Dimensi... ...ustry. Journal of Cultural Economics 6 2, pp. 1125.Bloom, Allan David, 2004. The Closing of the American Mind. , Simon and Shuster,, New York.Clyne, Manfred, 2006. Music, Mind, and Brain. , Plenum Press,, New York.Coase, R onald, 2006. Payola in radio and picture broadcasting. Journal of justice and Economics 22 2, pp. 269328. Levy, David and Feigenbaum, Susan, 2006. Death, debt, and democracy. In Buchanan, J.M. et al.. Deficit, Blackwell,, Oxford, pp. 236262.Peterson, R.A. and Berger, D.G., 2004. Cycles, in symbol production The case of popular music. American Sociological Review 40, pp. 158173. Shanahan, J.L., 2001. The consumption of music Integrating aesthetics and economics. Journal of Cultural Economics 2 2, pp. 1326Whitburn, Joel, 2003. Pop memories, 18901954, The History of American Popular Music. , Record Research Inc., Menomonee Falls. Popular Music Essay -- EntertainmentIntroductionPopular music is popular afresh, and its everywhere. Whether its the idols, the stars, the competitors or the academy, the burst music industry has not ever flaunted itself to such a large extent. But how can we mark burst music? Where is its place? Many would contend that it pertains sorely li ttered over the levels of teenagers bedrooms worldwide. Others would state it is most at home recorded on the bank balance of a foremost multinational organisation. An allotment of persons would assert that burst music has no home, and is just a fad commended by the culturally inept, those who are only adept of enjoying a pre-formatted, formulaic merchandise of the culture industry. Or is it infects a varied and creative occurrence, permitting a communally and culturally wealthy expression? Maybe burst music will not ever be pigeon holed as such, but I wish to recognise the contentions surrounding popular music and work out its location inside popular culture and inside up to date society (Shanahan 2001).DiscussionThe subject of burst music appears to have been thinly affected on by numerous writers when conversing about popular culture, but no one have theorised on the theme as much as Theodora Adorn. Adornos set about, which is compelled very powerful by its Marxist leanings, is f ounded mostly on facts of 1930s Germany, and subsequently, the United States when The Frankfurt School re-located to New York in 1933.Adorno converses about popular music as a merchandise of the culture industry, a formulaic and obstinate master-plan to which all burst music adheres. He proposed that burst music hears for the listener and is pre-digested and he nearly collaborates with Marcuses idea of The One-Dimensi... ...ustry. Journal of Cultural Economics 6 2, pp. 1125.Bloom, Allan David, 2004. The Closing of the American Mind. , Simon and Shuster,, New York.Clyne, Manfred, 2006. Music, Mind, and Brain. , Plenum Press,, New York.Coase, Ronald, 2006. Payola in radio and television broadcasting. Journal of Law and Economics 22 2, pp. 269328. Levy, David and Feigenbaum, Susan, 2006. Death, debt, and democracy. In Buchanan, J.M. et al.. Deficit, Blackwell,, Oxford, pp. 236262.Peterson, R.A. and Berger, D.G., 2004. Cycles, in symbol production The case of popular music. American Sociological Review 40, pp. 158173. Shanahan, J.L., 2001. The consumption of music Integrating aesthetics and economics. Journal of Cultural Economics 2 2, pp. 1326Whitburn, Joel, 2003. Pop memories, 18901954, The History of American Popular Music. , Record Research Inc., Menomonee Falls.

The Threat of Global Warming Essay -- Greenhouse Gases Climate Change

The Threat of Global heating systemThrough the eyes of near scientists, global heating is seen as a very serious and severe threat. The actions taken by humans, such as industry and expending of fossil fuels positive the increase in population and agriculture subscribe played a big part in global warming. If roundthing is not done soon the results could be very bad.By the middle of the twenty firstly one C, there is evidence that the Earth pull up stakes be warmer than it has been at any time in human history, and quite possibly since the end of the dinosaurs, some 65 billion years ago. If we stay at the rate we are now (fossil fuel consumption / growth in population) then within the abutting two century the Earths air might not be fit to breath. Many people in the world do not think that this is a major concern and that it is normal for the Earths temperature to increase. However, if this temperature increase is put into perspective of several hundred years, there will b e many devastating effects. This is why close scientists view global warming as a very serious and severe threat. Global warming does not require a reduction of the touchstone of living of people. However it does demand a rapid shift in the patterns of consumption of fuels such as oil, coal, and natural shoot a line, to an economy more than reliant on solar energy, hydrogen gas, wind biomass, and other renewable energy sources.The term babys room effect is utilise to describe the increased warming of the Earths surface and spurn automated teller machine due to increased levels of carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases that absorb radiated energy in the atmosphere and then reradiate it back to the surface. But if it were not for the greenhouse effect, temperatures at the Earths surface today would be much colder then they are now, and life as we notice it could not exist. Scientists are now concerned that the greenhouse gases are being increased by human actions to lev els that could be very harmful to life on Earth. Al almost all specialists agree that without drastic locomote to curb greenhouse gas emissions, the average global temperature will increase 1 to 3.5 degrees Celsius during the next century because effective levels of carbon dioxide are expected to persona sometime between 2050 and 2100. Many of the greenhouse gases remain in the atmosphere for a long time, and because this happens their angle of inclination to warm the Earth persi... ...eforestation of previously forested attain that has become agriculturally useless has to be promoted. That will require conservation incentive schemes and improvement of farm yields to trend the pressure to clear new land. This will not be nearly as expensive as coping with the costs of global warming. Controlling populations is in like manner a necessity in order to accommodate the consumption of energy and fossil fuels, but you could write a whole other paper on if they could implement those laws and what human rights that interferes with. Through the eyes of most scientists, global warming is seen as a very serious and severe threat. Global warming is caused by five naturally occurring atmospheric gases, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone and water vapor, which are responsible for the greenhouse effect. The consumption of fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and natural gas are the main way these gases are emitted to the atmosphere. The effects of global warming could be very severe if steps are not taken to verify the omittance of greenhouse gases, and that is why humans should be more reliant on solar energy, hydrogen gas, wind, biomass, and other renewable energy sources. The Threat of Global Warming Essay -- Greenhouse Gases Climate ChangeThe Threat of Global WarmingThrough the eyes of most scientists, global warming is seen as a very serious and severe threat. The actions taken by humans, such as industry and consumption of fossil fuels p lus the increase in population and agriculture have played a big part in global warming. If something is not done soon the results could be very bad.By the middle of the twenty first century, there is evidence that the Earth will be warmer than it has been at any time in human history, and quite possibly since the end of the dinosaurs, some 65 billion years ago. If we stay at the rate we are now (fossil fuel consumption / growth in population) then within the next two century the Earths air might not be fit to breath. Many people in the world do not think that this is a major concern and that it is normal for the Earths temperature to increase. However, if this temperature increase is put into perspective of several hundred years, there will be many devastating effects. This is why most scientists view global warming as a very serious and severe threat. Global warming does not require a reduction of the standard of living of people. However it does demand a rapid shift in the patter ns of consumption of fuels such as oil, coal, and natural gas, to an economy more reliant on solar energy, hydrogen gas, wind biomass, and other renewable energy sources.The term greenhouse effect is used to describe the increased warming of the Earths surface and lower atmosphere due to increased levels of carbon dioxide and other atmospheric gases that absorb radiated energy in the atmosphere and then reradiate it back to the surface. But if it were not for the greenhouse effect, temperatures at the Earths surface today would be much colder then they are now, and life as we know it could not exist. Scientists are now concerned that the greenhouse gases are being increased by human actions to levels that could be very harmful to life on Earth. Almost all specialists agree that without drastic steps to curb greenhouse gas emissions, the average global temperature will increase 1 to 3.5 degrees Celsius during the next century because effective levels of carbon dioxide are expected to double sometime between 2050 and 2100. Many of the greenhouse gases remain in the atmosphere for a long time, and because this happens their tendency to warm the Earth persi... ...eforestation of previously forested land that has become agriculturally useless has to be promoted. That will require conservation incentive schemes and improvement of farm yields to reduce the pressure to clear new land. This will not be nearly as expensive as coping with the costs of global warming. Controlling populations is also a necessity in order to control the consumption of energy and fossil fuels, but you could write a whole other paper on if they could implement those laws and what human rights that interferes with. Through the eyes of most scientists, global warming is seen as a very serious and severe threat. Global warming is caused by five naturally occurring atmospheric gases, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone and water vapor, which are responsible for the greenhouse effect. T he consumption of fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and natural gas are the main way these gases are emitted to the atmosphere. The effects of global warming could be very severe if steps are not taken to control the omittance of greenhouse gases, and that is why humans should be more reliant on solar energy, hydrogen gas, wind, biomass, and other renewable energy sources.

Galileo :: essays research papers

Galileo Galilei was angiotensin converting enzyme of the greatest astronomer and mathematician of the seventeenth century. His support of support of of import cosmology against the Church&8217s strong opposition and his development of a telescope and his unorthodox opinions as philosopher of science were the central concerns of his career. He struggled brutally for exemption from the higher authority because of unable to resist his appetite for scientific investigation. However, Galileo&8217s science and career did not get him whatever where farther in his look he was forced to withdraw his theories before the inquisition, and was sentenced to indefinite imprisonment by the pope and eventually became blind. Life of Galileo is visualized clearly in Bertolt Brecht&8217s the almost fascinating novel Galileo. Galileo is one of Brecht&8217s truly brilliant characters, immensely alive complex human.Throughout his life Galileo dedicated himself to science and research and sight many amazing things one of them was a telescope. The observation of the sky, which Galileo carried out with his telescope led to the discovery of the satellites of Jupiter and to Galileo&8217s increased adherence the Copernican system. He canvass Saturn and observed the phases of Venus and the sunspots. In between his studies and discoveries Galileo began to encounter serious opposition of the motion of the earth. He discovered that it was earth that roll around the sun. &8220By that time, with any luck, they will be learning that the earth rolls round the sun, and that their mother, the captains, the scholars, the princes, and the Pope are rolling with it (Galileo, pg49). Galileo&8217s theory about motion of earth was judged as anomalous by cardinal grosbeak Bellarmino because it went against the doctrine of the Church. He believed that the god was the one who created this world the best way he could and that is the way it should remain. The god is the only one who has all the wisdom , knowledge, and power and he knows his work better than anybody does else does. &8220Does it not appear more probable even to you that the Creator knows more about his work that the Created? (Galileo, pg79). Furthermore, the Cardinal also believed that once the thing is written in the Holy bible and approved by many scholars it can not be changed because by ever-changing anything or questioning anything about god&8217s creation would be like questioning the god. And this would completely destroy many people&8217 faith in god.

Sir Gawain - An Ideal Symbol of Chivalry Essay -- Sir Gawain and the G

Sir Gawain - An Ideal Symbol of Chivalry The chivalric code is a very complex, and perhaps somewhat opposed concept to a modern person. There are many rules and taboos that a knight must obey. Indeed, the very concepts of honor, love, and humility have been raised to the highest conceivable power, fashioning it almost impossible for a mortal to become a reliable, perfect knight. Sir Gawain, in the passage Norton, 1535-1622 of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, proves himself to be an ideal symbol of chivalry. One of the symbols of knighthood is a maam of knights heart knights behavior with ladies is important in general, and Sir Gawain behaves as a true knight with the hostess of the castle. Another important side of being a knight includes the skill of carving an animal, and that is also described in the passage. One aspect of being a knight is choosing a lady of his heart. The knight is alleged(a) to perform noble tasks in her honor, thus glorifying her name. Love is knights in spiration for all of his actions, and when he thinks he has done enough glorious deeds, he comes back to his lady. If his lady is kind enough, she will marry him, unless she is already married. In the passage, the hosts wife tries to seduce Sir Gawain. However, she is not the lady of his dreams, and since Sir Gawain follows the principle -- to remember a knight is to reflect faithfulness in everything he does, for that is what makes a knight honorable, he politely turns her offer down. It is possible that Sir Gawain refuses hostess charms because he is afraid of her husband however, with the whole story evolving around Sir Gawains nobility, it is extremely unlikely that this is a reason for him. Sir Gawain does this in a way that does not make the ... ... are riveting in their strict observance. The chivalric code is ripe of rules for the knights conduct in any situation, one example of which is hunting and carving animals. There is, however, one central idea that every knight is a servant a knight is the one who does only good in the name of love and never brings dishonor to anyone. In this second test, Sir Gawain proves to be a true knight when he is tempted by the hostess of the Green Castle. So far nothing can turn him from his path, for he is a true knight. SOURCESSir Gawain and the Green Knight. Norton Anthology of incline Literature. Ed. M.H.Abrams, et.al. Volume 1. New York W.W. Norton & Company, 1993. 200-254. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Ed. J.R.R.Tolkien, E.V. Gordon. Oxford Clarendon Press. 1967. Online. Internet. Available HTTP http//www.hti.umich.edu/english/mideng/index.html

Islamic Leadership

Leadership An Islamic Perspective In the introductory chapter the book establishes what you should notice by the time you finish the book.These points include understand the nature and process of leadinghip from an Islamic perspective, describe the characteristics of effective attracters in general, and of Islamic leaders in particular, analyze your styles as a leader and follower, learn how you can mobilize, create, and develop your followers Islamically, learn how you, as a leader, can build committedness by acting as a coach mentor, learn how to set apart effectively, and finally understand the steps that will enable you to become a much effective leader.The book defines leaders as the ability to persuade others to seek defined objectives enthusiastically. Within an organization a good leader is needed hardly so is good management. There be diverse positions of power when in an organization. The first one is legitimate power, which refers directly to someones position i n an organization. Reward power is the second type of power, this power refers to having the authority to hand out promotions or pay raises. The third type of power is called coercive power, which uses take in to get employees to work.The final type of power is information power, this type of power deals with having and giving information to others so that they can do their work. According to the text in that location are certain characteristics of an effective leader. The book ranks them from 1 to 8. These characteristics include honesty, competent, forward-looking, inspiring, intelligent, fair minded, straightforward, and imaginative. These characteristics were determined by a study done by two leadership researchers named Kouzes and Posner. They surveyed 2,615 of the most successful leaders in the United States in order to figure out and rank the characteristics.The book also discusses how leaders must mobilize, developed, and organize their followers. The reason mobilization n eeds to be done is due to the fact that leaders cannot and should not be expected to accomplish everything on their own. The people are the target of the message and are also the ones that will be spreading the word. Mobilizing followers includes being able to reach out to everybody. The message of Islam is one that is not elitist so in essence the ides that only a few people are capable of energizing a group is not correct.It also states that the reserved person may become the best person. This statement basically means not the prejudge people and to always give them a chance because they exclusively may prove what you believe wrong. The third statement about mobilizing says to accept the verbal commitment of others to Islam at face value. This means to always accept a pledge someone makes. Another point the book makes is to welcome even sinners and try it improve them. In order to develop followers a leader must be able to adjust their leadership style due to the fact that the f ollowers have different types of styles.There are four different types of leadership styles that a leader can turn to. These leadership styles include directive, coaching, supportive, and delegating. The style the leader should pick depends on the maturity of the people being led. With light-green members the leader may want to use a directive style. This is because it involves clear and explicit guidelines. A coaching style may then be employ as the members begin to learn their task. This style is characterized by two-way communication and an increased amount of supportive behavior.Once the members have gained more self-confidence in doing their tasks the leader may use a supportive style. This style consists of shared decision-making and two-way communication. Finally, in a situation where the members are mature and self-confident the leader should use a delegating style. In this style the leader allows the members to decide how, when, and where to carry out their tasks. The nex t and final step is to organize your followers. When trying to do this, leaders should use six steps. These steps include 1. Clearly articulate the vision and mission of your organization, 2.Develop a statement of your organizations philosophy regarding volunteer services, 3. Develop volunteer positions, 4. Do not go overboard by creating a multitude of tasks, 5. Reward both process and outcome, and 6. Develop a nurturing Islamic organizational climate. The book also discusses how leaders should be able to delegate tasks. When a leader is reluctant to delegate there are unremarkably two reasons for it. The first reason depends on the organizations culture. The second reason has to do with the leaders personality, usually dealing with a persona A personality.There are delegation guidelines that are outlined in the book. these guidelines include selecting the delegate with the appropriate skill level, expertise and background, select a delegate with whom you have a reciprocal trust ing relationship, delegate both the pleasant and the unpleasant, the easy and the challenging, delegate ahead, delegate in chunks, delegate precisely, delegate dont abdicate, and finally give credit. According to the text, there is one golden rule when it comes it delegation, which is the more power you give way the more power you have.

Impact of Globalization on Indian Education

Impact of globalisation on Indian information S. Deepalakshmi, hariharan. emailprotected com Abstract We ar victuals in the Era of Globalization. Globalisation is not a synonym of Global business, but it is more than that. Globalisation poses variety of complex trends in the economic, societal and cultural fabrics of all societies. We live in an intensely interdependent world in which all immense differences of culture and historical experience are soused together in instant communication.The international transactions in services are defined as the economic output of intangible commodities that may be produced, transferred and consumed at the aforesaid(prenominal) time. Traditionally services are placeed as interior(prenominal) activities due to direct contact between producer and consumer and government monopoly in cornerstone sector. The emerging digitization concept has altered this perception. The ascent of information and communication technology has given rise to e-commerce, e-banking, e-learning, e-medicine and e-governance. So, it is argued that government call ups it increasingly difficult to cope up with technology-driven activities.Because of that Nowadays Education has turned out to be a commodity of international trade. It is no more a public good on domestic scale, but a private good on global scale. Globalization brings education to the front lines. In the prevailing discourse, education is expected to be the major tool for incorporation into the knowledge rules of order and the technological economy. In this paper we are going to see the impact of globalization on knowledge, education bodys, and blondness policies. Key words Globalisation, Indian Education, Knowledge, Society, Technology, Economy, Equity Policies, DigitizationIntroduction Over thousands of years, globalization has contributed to the progress of the world through travel, trade, migration, spread of cultural influences, and dissemination of knowledge and und erstanding. These global interrelations acquire often been very productive in the advancement of different countries. Globalization is viewed by somebody as westernization. just it is not so. The decimal system emerged and became comfortably developed in India between the second and sixth centuries it was used by Arab mathematicians soon thereafter.These mathematical innovations reached Europe mainly in the shoemakers last quarter of the ordinal century and began having an impact in the early years of the last millennium, playing an important part in the scientific revolution that helped to transform Europe. The agents of globalization are neither European nor exclusively Western, nor are they necessarily linked to Western dominance. Indeed, Europe would have been a lot poorer-economically, culturally, and scientifically- had it resisted the globalization of mathematics, science, and technology at that time. And today, the same principle applies, though in the opposite directi on (from West to East).And Now, Initial enthusiasm for globalization as a beneficial set of processes has yielded to an understanding that the phenomenon is for the most part associated with increasing social inequality within and between countries as well as instability and conflict. So at this stage, it is incumbent to find the impact of globalization on Indian Economy. Education is important not only for the full development of ones personality, but also for the sustained growth of the nation. Education is an important investment in building human capital that is a driver for technological innovation and economic growth.It is only through improving the educational status of a society that the multi-faceted development of its pack suffer be ensured Basically Indian Education system is composed of three components and they are primordial education, Secondary education and Higher education. Today, in the age of privatization, globalization and liberalization, India is exposed t o the world in all spheres. In the present competitive world, expansion, excellence and cellular cellular inclusion are the three challenges of Indian education system. The age old system of education has to be reformed. Practical knowledge should be given more precedency than heoretical knowledge. Indian Education System Indian education has its own history of development. In the earlier times, Gurukulas dominated the society, which emphasized the traditional and cultural education, which had its own restriction. But Indian education system got an impetus after the invasion of the British. Western education exerted its influence on the Indian education system, under the British rule. McCauleys education policy is worthy of note. Scientific and technological education gained more grandness than traditional and cultural education in this era.But in the post-independence period, our constitution do the education a fundamental right and enacted a law for compulsory education up to 14 years. Today higher education gives more importance to survival in this competitive world. Today is the age of privatization, globalization and liberalization. India is exposed to the world in all spheres. In the present competitive world, expansion, excellence and inclusion are the three challenges of Indian education system. The age old system of education has to be reformed. Practical knowledge should be given more precedency than theoretical knowledgeImpact of Globalization on Indian Education The education in India is at a crossroads. Its liberal and secular character and content, carefully nourished during the last fifty years, despite some(prenominal) vicissitudes, is now undergoing fundamental transformation. Trends in Global Education which affects the quality of education ? Dilution and trivialization of the aims of education ? Fragmentation and compartmentalization of education ? hallucination of knowledge from social ethos ? Restriction of access through commercializ ation, privatization and competitive screening ?Parallelization or hierarchical layering of school systems ? Homogenization of socio- cultural diversities through increasing centralization The children of the poor and socially dis reinforcementd have been denied English medium school education. The rapid growth of the software development and electronic communication theory industries is one of the fewer achievements of Indian industry in post-independence India. Further, because of strong hold of the English language in MNCs and corporate circles, the divide between rural and urban is almost have intercourse in the field of education.In consequence, this commodious reservoir of skills and expertise offers the opportunity to utilize them for the spread of quality education through salwaysal technologies. Impact of Globalization on Indian Education Globalization process pith in the context of Higher Education as a very competitive and deregulated educational system modeled afte r free-market but with more pressure on it to assure that the future workers is prepared for some fluid jobs in the free-market of 21st century.Further it means that educational system would provide the sites of struggle over the meaning and power of national identity and a national culture. Because of the commercialization, Educational sector has been more unremarkably described as, not service sector, but education industry. The free market philosophy has already entered the educational sphere in a big way. commercialization of education is the order of the day. Commercial institutions offering specialized education have come up everywhere. In view of globalization, many corporate universities, both outside and Indian, are encroaching upon our government institutions.Once these institutions turn self-financing, their prices would be benchmarked against their global counterparts, which would be affordable to the same top layer of the society. As the job markets become shrewdly n arrow, the polarization between the elite and non-elite would be clearly discernible. Meanwhile, various kinds of price barriers would be imposed to prevent the entry of the non-elite want the downtrodden and poor communities. Further, Corporatisation has transformed the education sector into an enterprise for profits.Beyond a small group of elite institutions, few Indian institutions are globally accredited or recognized. Thus, the competition for a fistful of elite institutions is severe. The Indian education system is not able to mobilize funds from its students at home. By some accounts, Indian students, whose fees are paid by their parents, have become a net subsidizer of British higher education the largest number of foreign students in the US come from India, some 80,000 and there are even an estimated 5,000 Indian medical students in China.Many of the best students go abroad. Globalization has made education an extraordinary business opportunity with a great impact on empl oyment. In the current scenario, Universities from different parts of the world want to join hands with Indian Universities and be a part of Indias salaried economic strength. Partnership, Academic Exchanges, Joint Ventures, Research Collaboration, just about everything short of building a campus on Indian soil (illegal) are the ways in which Universities in the UK are seeking a stake in India.Large Industrial Organizations like Tatas, Reliance, Essars or the Associations like CII, FICCI, SIAM ACMA start the initiatives to start Institutes of Excellence throughout India with collaborations from Institutes like Harvard School of Business, MIT in USA London School of Economics There are certain advantages in Recruiting Overseas Students like students will get international exposure and they will develop skills such as talking to industry, making presentations and dealing with senior managers. Recruiting Overseas students is a way of getting financial advantage for the universiti es.Social Exclusion The problems of Indian education center on financing, equity and excellence. As these problems have been confounded by rapid globalization that requires only educated manpower, the traditionally excluded social groups, which are way behind the advanced groups in their access to education, are now victims of a double whammy. In fact, the introduction of cost recuperation principles that results in a hike in fees contributes to reduction in the burden of the government in financing higher education. Further, privatization of higher education makes it expensive such that it is beyond the reach of lower income groups.Inadequate income implies denial of opportunity of the benefits of higher education whereas the denial of access to higher education results in the deprivation of fair opportunities to remedy income. The children of the poor and socially disadvantaged have been denied English medium school education. Decades of under-investment in education have crea ted shocking shortages of buildings, laboratories, libraries, sanitary facilities and even drinking wet and sanitation facilities in the nations decaying education sector especially in Government Schools.The rapid growth of the software development and electronic communications industries is one of the few achievements of Indian industry in post-independence India. Further, because of strong hold of the English language in MNCs and corporate circles, the divide between rural and urban is almost complete in the field of education. In consequence, this great reservoir of skills and expertise offers the opportunity to utilize them for the spread of quality education through several technologies. Challenges posed by Globalization on Indian EducationIn the world of unequal opportunities, idea and knowledge are the emerging factors that decide development or lack of it, education cannot be left entirely to market forces. Further, market needs should be kept in view while developing the curriculum. The element of productivity orientation should guide the formulation of curriculum framework. It is also necessity that while deciding about the fee twist and other student levies, the tendency towards commercialization of education should be guarded against.Globalization poses challenges like Faculty Shortage Quality of education Incentive structures As the world moves on to forging an information society founded on education, India cannot remain behind as a non-competitive knowledge economy. India has to create an environment that does not produce industrial workers and labourers but fosters knowledge workers. Such people must be at the cutting edge of knowledge workers and, in turn, placing India in the vanguard in the information age.This is not to argue that the opportunities opened up by information technology are to be shunned, but to suggest its creative incorporation in the system of education. At the same time it is necessary to recognize the fact that t he educational conditions created by information technology are pregnant with the possibilities of intellectual colonization. The breaking of the geographical barriers and communication restrictions are indeed well-informed attributes of knowledge dissemination, but it cannot be divorced rom the economic and political contexts of knowledge production Indian education system is one of the most tightly controlled in the world. The government regulates who you can teach, what you can teach them and what you can charge them. It also has huge regulatory bottlenecks. There are considerable entry barriers Universities can be set up only through acts of legislation, approval procedures for starting new courses are cumbersome, syllabi revision is slow, and accreditation systems are extremely weak and arbitrary.The regulators permit comparatively little autonomy for institutions and variation amongst them. The shortage of quality institutions is a product of Indias regulatory structures. Inc reased public investment that the government has promised is absolutely necessary to increase access Quotas became a symbol of the states power over Indian education its propensity to hoist its own purposes upon academic institutions irrespective of their impact on the quality of these institutions.Globalization requires two contradictory transformations in the state On the one hand, successful globalization requires that the state invest heavily in increasing access to education. But in higher education, globalization also requires the state to respect the autonomy of institutions so that a diversity of experiments can find expression, so that institutions have the flexibility to do what it takes to retain talent in a globalized world and, above all, respond quickly to growing demand.Globalization demands a ikon shift in the regulation of higher education. In India the debate has only just begun. There is a mismatch between the supply and demand. As for Indian universities they fu nction today without even the basic minimum facilities and with teachers who have no access to the latest advances in their disciplines. These institutions churn out students who complete their education as outcastes even in their own chosen area of knowledge. What these institutions offer is unacceptable to the fast growing affluent Indian middle class.The situation is likely to alter in coming days with the UGC reportedly being deprived of its funding functions and the introduction of an accreditation system which would stamp many an institution as academic slums without ever the possibility of a honourable redemption. Understandably education is a fertile land for investment, particularly if it comes with a foreign tag. Conclusion The education system must ensure that students gain not just depth of knowledge in these subjects but a holistic perception and skills that will equip them to face the in truth world.At every stage, there must be opportunities to expand their boundari es, platforms for collaboration and learning and recognition for those who strive to excel. Further, market needs should be kept in view while developing the curriculum. The element of productivity orientation should guide the formulation of curriculum framework. It is also necessary that while deciding about the fee structure and other student levies, the tendency towards commercialization of education should be guarded against.India should decide about the nature and extent of globalization that can be constructively introduced in their socio-economic and educational systems. While it is difficult to resist the temptation of falling in line with the international community, it is necessary that while doing so, the paramountcy of national interests should be kept in view. This is more so in the field of education, which is intimately concerned with the development of human capital. Ultimately, any hasty involvement in the global educational market can end up in harming the vital in terests of students, and particularly of poor and downtrodden for generations to come.Proper regulatory mechanisms to be established to ensure that the universities, in particular the privately funded ones, do not end up exploiting students. Finally, it is about always trying to push the bar a little more, constantly innovating and never standing still. If the educational institutions believe in a value based education system, then their students will excel in all walks of life. At schools and colleges that believe in educational excellence, student enthusiasm and feedback is an important driver of change and evaluation.They create a vibrant, student community that continually innovative and excels in all spheres from academics to arts and sports. Globalization is a never ending process and Developing countries like India should utilize this properly to improve their national standard through their education system.

Belief Systems: Self Uniqueness Meets Religion

In noning ones particular printing or belief system, it is important to establish that this system of beliefs mustiness(prenominal) not necessarily collide with or fit into one of societys major organized, historical, cultural, and traditional religions, such as Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism, or Islam.Every persons unique belief system is different from person to person, even within these larger religious groups, and my own personal beliefs, although able to be described as religious, must not certainly be so described, as each person is definitely unique and learns about life sentence and creates ones beliefs found on a multitude of personal lifelong and complex experiences, sources, and associations.In addition to the uniqueness of belief varying from individual to individual based upon the differences in egotism and environment by which a person moves through and through life, there is withal the element of mental assimilation and accommodation as an ongoing process whic h require to be expressioned in full consideration. If beliefs change based upon knowledge obtained or formed and events experienced, even alike in the biology of the person, then the movement of a person through time and development must also be considered.No person, place, situation, or belief system is static, rather it evolves and morphs with the colorful variation and change of humanity on a grand scale as puff up as on an individual scale. The uniqueness and changeability of the universe from day to day lends brainstorm into the uniqueness and changeability of personal views. This is not to say that there are not beliefs and truths which are more constant or reliable, how incessantly, one must be ready to adapt these more constant truths to modern human society, which is alship canal in flux.One belief, out of the hundreds or thousands interrelating ones which I probably have, is the unnecessary nature of trail and educational institutions in global. Although this bel ief may change in time, as of this moment, I see forced schooling as being a slaphappy concept, as are only forced or mandatory activities which strip the individual of free choice.My belief in unschooling, best illustrated by John Holts theories and the Unschooling. info website, basically suggests that each person should be free to live and learn on ones own terms, handing over the precious business of self direction in education to parents and their children, and rightly stripping from the hands of the government and some other(prenominal) agencies towing the line of forced education, instruction, or belief structures.If one must characterize this belief of mine in unschooling as being religious in the sense that it is practiced or believed regularly, then it is right to acknowledge that my belief in and positive regard of unschooling has been fairly regular and constant for the past several years, and I find affirmation in the stories of other people who also share my belie fs. I subscribe to groups, learn from online resources, and mingle with individuals who share this belief system.The belief I have in unschooling is rooted primarily in my dissatisfaction with other people telling me what to do from day to day for so long in my life, the primary group of which were teachers and professors in schools and universities. Unschooling, to me, is the perfect way to live life and raise children, offering learning and education as a self owned right, protecting the basic right to freedom of thought, for oneself and ones children.I discipline to support and encourage myself and others in so far as possible striving to embrace beliefs, learning, and hazarding as a basic right of human life from conception to death, taking the primary role of learner securely back into the realm of the individual and out of the hands of overlords. Unschooling family members support themselves and one another in lifelong learning which naturally springs forth from both random and purposeful self directed experiences and choices.There are no topics or subtopics or relate topics which cannot be learned from a huge variety of sources and in a huge variety of ways. In is well worth time for universities and schools to reconsiders the musts of their students and for individuals to recognize that learning is their right and under their own control.Perhaps testing for knowledge or job readiness is appropriate when working with others, however, a diploma or a mark is not necessarily an adequate mark of what is learned, nor is it an adequate mark of what knows in comparison to others without diplomas and degrees. Mostly, it proves one jumped through other peoples hoops and nonrecreational a lot of money. So far, I havent had any disadvantages to having this belief system, which, supposedly, could be termed as a religious belief, and the advantages are always new, evolving, and ever springing, it seems.Spending time with my children would be a benefit, as do traditional homeschooling poses, learning and helping my children to learn on our own terms and in our own ways is certainly a benefit, and liberation of thought from the mechanical systems of education is also a great plus. The perceived downsides which other people may hold alone which I do not share is that unschooling requires time and energy for parents of young children, unschooling prevents full time or out of home work for one or both parents, and parents are unqualified to help their own children to learn.In disputing these what I view to be false downsides, I have to claim the belief that I think spending time and energy on children is absolutely fabulous and to be cherished, that of course children need the constant or near constant presence of the mother or other caregiver and that families can choose to support and encourage this, and that parents are very much qualified to teach their own children. Who else should be the primary judges of what people think and belief , of how they live their lives?If government or the state is apt to be selected as the answer to that question, then we may very well kiss individuality and the right to personal thought goodbye and swirl into the darkness of force and socialism. The role of tradition in religion in general to funding a group of people together in what they do and how they do things, how they express their beliefs, primarily in God. Traditions in religion such as going to mass at church on Sunday are similar to the weekly unschooling groups of individuals and families at the park.People need community support in what they do and what they believe, on a very basic level, so that one doesnt feel isolated and alone. Traditions are fairly regular ministrations of keeping beliefs and ideas alive through purposeful actions. The best thing that I can do in keeping alive the traditions of unschooling is to continue to be active within this society or culture of people, sharing my experiences and beliefs as regularly as necessary through purposeful actions which support and encourage my way of life.Contributing to groups through conversations and literature are ways in which I can stay connected, either in person or through the virtual online world. It is very important to know what the beliefs of others are, both to keep ones mind open to new ideas as well as to diplomatically handle differences of opinion and belief when interacting with people who do not share all or most or even a few of the aforementioned(prenominal) beliefs as oneself does. It is very often that people differ in opinions and beliefs, and it would even be safe to assume that no two people on this Earth do in fact share all of the same beliefs.Having two identical minds on one planet seems near to impossible, given the varied and colorful lifestyles and experiences, places and regions, times and spaces, wherein ones individual point of view springs forth. Although it can be difficult to interact with people who a re strictly aligned with a highly structured and formal belief system, it can also be difficult to interact with people who are flip and find not much purpose in any beliefs whatsoever.To me, a good remnant point is knowing what one believes, knowing that beliefs are flexible, and being able to converse on an appropriately calm level about any and all posed ideas with others, unless one wishes to opt out of the conversation or proposed idea, which is also quite ok. References Unschooling. info. (2009). Retrieved on 3/1/09 from http//unschooling. info.

located in Rosemount

The farm is located in Rosemount. Linstead, St Catherine. The distance from the farmers house to his farm is 200ft and about half mile from the townsfolk of Linstead. The size of it of the farm The size of the Rosemount farm is eight hectares which includes 6 sections of plots used to plant various crops. This is the usual size of small farms in the Caribbean because small farms size usually range from zero to ten hectares. Markets Britain and other European countries have traditionally been the main export merchandises for Caribbean agriculture. Due to increased competition, the Caricom market has become more than important for regional agriculture.In Jamaica, small scale farmers mainly market their crops in the following ways now to supermarkets such as Shoppers Fair, and Hi-Lo. Higglers that come mainly from rough the St Catherine area, includes Spanish town and Linstead. Directly to hotels some of which include Altamont Court Hotel, Terra Nova All Suit Hotel, The Liguanea C lub and The Spanish Court Hotel. Selling at monthly farmers market which is coordinated by Rural Agriculture Development Authority (R. A. D. A). To manufacturing companies like Grace Kennedy Ltd Directly to consumersThe produce from Rosemount farm is marketed in the following ways Directly to higglers and export to the Caricom of Antigua and Barbuda The Caricom market has proven to very profitable for the Rosemount farmer and therefore allows him to adequately take care of his family, workers and will enable him to use some of the bread for future expansion of his farm. Labour Rosemount farm employs four female workers to assist with farming activities. No family member is employed to the farm. Additional labour is required on the farm to assist with the following farming activities.

Attracting Cockroaches with Different Substances

Reason The reason I did this project was because I am absolutely transfixed by cockroaches. I think they argon really interesting. It in addition makes me happy that Im the only person I know of who is not panicked of cockroaches. We have cockroaches that will come into our house to unhorse from the cold outside, so I thought, why not get rid of some of them? But I had to know what kind of bait to put out for them in order to accomplish this. So that is how I came up with this.Hypothesis If the truffle butter, the butter, the cheese, and the bread are tested, then the butter will attract the most cockroaches. If the peanut butter, the butter, the cheese, and the bread are tested, then the bread will attract the least amount of cockroaches. play intoWhat I did Well, first I put four 4 by 10 sticky traps on our counter. Then, I got out some butter, some peanut butter, some bread, and some cheese out. After that, I got a tablespoon and scooped the substances out. I put the tables poon of each substance on its own sticky trap. The butter on one, the peanut butter on another, and so on and so forth. Then I turned off the light and went to bed. When I got up, I got my data book out and went out to our counters. When I turned on the light, I counted how many cockroaches were on each sticky trap and I put down my results. I tested this out ten times, and each time I recorded my results.DiscussionComparing It was very interesting because according to my research, cockroaches like moist substances that they can easily pick up. But instead of going for the moist substances I put out, they went for the dry ones Another thing I didnt look at before was the temperature. The temperature really affected my results. According to my research, cockroaches can be seen the most inside houses when it is cold outside. And my results proved that it was true. When I did my project, it showed that as the temperature got colder, more than and more cockroaches got stuck on the st icky trap.Uncontrolled Events I think one uncontrolled event was the temperature. The temperature fell fleck I was doing my project. Usually, cockroaches will come indoors to escape from the cold outdoors. More cockroaches came in when the temperature dropped. Another thing I couldnt control would be the exact place I put the sticky traps. I mean, I did put them on the counter, but I couldnt put them all in the exact same place. What if a cockroach was just make his way across the counters when he got stuck on the sticky trap?What I would have done differently If I had to do my project again, I would bring in the temperatures of the night as well, because it really does affect my results. Either that, or I would make sure the temperature was pretty much the same each night. If it wasnt around the temperature that I wanted, I would wait for the next night. I would also have added more bait to test because four traps really isnt that much. some other Experiments that can be done So me other experiments that can be done would be like, how the temperature effects on how active the cockroaches are, or what traps trap cockroaches best. You could also see if cockroaches are more active at night or in the daytime. According to my research though, cockroaches like to come out at night, while its still dark out, because to them, light means that somebody is there and can hurt them. But when its dark out, thats the signal that everybody is asleep. cardinal last test somebody could do, would be how long a cockroach could survive without food or water. Would it be affected if they had been fed a upsurge before the experiment started? What if they had only been fed a little bit before the experiment started?ConclusionResults My results showed that the roaches went for the bread and cheese more than the butter and peanut butter, so my hypothesis was wrong. Each night, hardly any cockroaches went for the butter and peanut butter. They would mostly all go to the bread and cheese.

Chris Brown and Michael Jackson Essay

Chris Br make and direct are two contemporary hit euphony performers. Both men display a rare similarity in their lives. Each artificer came from poor families. Each artist has made it to the top of the Top 40 music charts, more than once. Each artist has had the opportunity to work closely with Michael capital of Mississippi and has been tagged as potenti entirelyy being the next King of Pop. Chris brownness and Usher, through their music have entertain hundreds of thousands of faithful fans.Though Chris Brown and Usher share similar music backgrounds, each has a unique music style which gives to us, the fans, the gift of their exquisite talent, with all of its strengths and joys. Tragedy struck both(prenominal) of their lives on June 28, 2009, upon learning of the cobblers last of Michael Jackson. Each of them described Jacksons death as tragic and untimely. Chris Brown connect this experience during the BET Music Awards on June 29, 2009. Usher verbalised himself in his l ast CD released entitled Raymond V.Raymond. Although both expressed the great loss of Michael Jackson, the focusing that each depicted the incident was distinct. Chris Brown emotionally let loose on the stage at the 2009 BET Awards. He was very emotional and expressed his mourning with long comments, al shipway keeping his tense present. Chris also chose words that were sure to cling an emotional response from the fans that he and Michael Jackson have divided up for the last several years.For example, when talking about how Michael Jackson invited him to the Neverland bedspread when he was just getting started in the industry, Chris Brown said, I was just beginning to get materials together for my 2006 self-titled debut release, when I got a call from Michael Jackson expressing interest in my work. He invited me to the Neverland Ranch and helped me organize what became my number one certified platinum album. An deterrent example of more words from Chris Brown in reference to Mi chael Jackson can be found in the August, 2009 edition of Rolling Stones Magazine.He speaks of losing one of the mentors of his music career and speculation from the media that he could be the next King of Pop. The style and choice of words Chris Brown used made the reader aware that he was in mourning, but was indeed ready to step up to the plate to replace Michael Jackson as the King of Pop. Usher expressed his emotion in a more unemotional tone via Raymond V. Raymond, his latest CD release and on a limited edition DVD that was included in the first 100,00 copies of the CD sold.Usher used past tense, which told his fans that while he was mourning Michael Jackson and that Jackson was the King of Pop, that reign was gone, but not forgotten. His words were gratuitous of the severity of the loss. The words came off as harsh to his many fans. Instead of trying to elicit a particular emotional response, Usher was mourning in his own way, somewhat cold and detached. He didnt even show up for the Michael Jackson Tribute at the 2009 BET Music Awards, claiming that he was identicalwise torn up over the loss.For instance, having given an account of his history with Michael Jackson on the DVD, he said, I felt like I had lost my own life for just a moment in time. The viewer felt his pain for a moment in time, however, the brevity of the emotion made his fans respect about the sincerity of the emotion. Chris Brown, on the other hand, openly expressed himself over the loss of Michael Jackson with true sincerity, Usher explains, he felt like he lost his life for a moment of time, moving on like it was a sad moment, but eager to claim the title of King of Pop, as speculated by media.Chris Brown wanted the fans to feel with him. Usher wanted the fans to grieve for just a moment and move on to the next chapter. They achieved their objectives by guiding the fans attention to a specific style of expressing their emotions, one more open, and the other, more cold. The emotio nal focus of Chris Browns response to the death of Michael Jackson was sincere. As I watched him mourn on national television and then read his story in the Rolling Stones Magazine, I felt like I lost one of my best friends, too.I looked back at my first concert experience, which was Michael Jacksons Thriller Tour, and got teary-eyed. Chris Brown never let go of his love for the King of Pop and was never really concerned about replacing Michael Jackson as the new King of Pop. On the other hand, Ushers mourning is short-lived. It was clear that Usher was going to step up to take the thrown of King of Pop the day after Michael Jackson died. He concentrated less on the mourning of Michael Jackson and more on the idea of being the next King.It would be impossible not to address the ways in which both men studied under Michael Jackson at one time or another. Chris Brown got some good training from Michael Jackson prior to the release of his very first CD. Usher was semi-discovered by Mic hael Jacksons people and spent a lot of time at the Neverland Ranch with Michael Jackson. My most powerful emotional response throughout watching both of these celebrities mourn their mentor was one of incredible sorrow.When I look at both Chris and Ushers overall reaction to the death of Michael Jackson, I felt the tremendous weight that sadness and despair can fold around a heart. I wanted to offer comfort to them both, however, by the end of the mourning period, I only wanted to comfort Chris Brown. It was obvious that Chris Browns outrage was still cut open and bleeding. Chris Brown and Usher are extremely good recording artists. From each we receive a rare gift. As Chris Brown showed on the stage at the 2009 BET Music Awards, he was really torn over the loss of Michael Jackson. Usher showed us that he had ulterior motive.

Who Is an Entrepreneur

Common/ incompatible aspects of the paper2 Conclusions6 References7 Who is an enterpriser? Introduction Who is an enterpriser? is a mind that aroused many controversies and debates. Among many margins that talks roughly the enterpriser and the process of enterprisership I entrust focus on three obliges that tried to answer this question or demonstrated the uselessness of the question. Analyzing many different points of view impart conduct to a reveal and deeper visiting of the phenomena.Therefore, this is not an bring science, like for instance mathematics or physics. It leads us much to interpretation, which way of life that, in that location will always be a need of debate. Short Summary In the article Differentiating Entrepreneurs from Small handicraft Owners A Conceptualization, Carland et al. tries to answer the question by think on the characteristics of an entrepreneur and they go further with comparing him to a belittled pipeline avower. They establis h a definition for for distri besidesively one and then, they apply the main ideas to a larger scale and differentiate an entrepreneurial venture from a low-spirited condescension.Gartner criticize their point of view in his article Who is an entrepreneur? Is the wrong question and selects that it is improper to delineate the entrepreneur because it would loaded that an entrepreneur fits a true type of well-nighone, which is not true since the views argon not homogenous. That is why Gartner considers a more(prenominal)(prenominal) suit adapted approach for the concept, to analyze the entrepreneurs behavior. In the article Who is an entrepreneur? Is a question worth asking, Carland et al. tries to respond to Gartners critique and in the end, he argues that indeed entrepreneurship is a complex and propulsive concept.Common/different aspects of the paper In the article Differentiating Entrepreneurs from Small Business Owners A Conceptualization, Carland et al. , in terms of entrepreneur and clear cable owner, focus on intentionality and characteristics. In their mind, an entrepreneur purpose is profit and growth and he is characterized as an innovative person who will absorb strategic management practices, while a small business owners purpose is furthering in the flesh(predicate) goals, and to whom the business is the primary source of income which will consume almost all of his time.In terms of differentiating Entrepreneurial Ventures course of action Small Business Ventures, they focus on the same ideas applied to a bigger scale. However, this attempt to sic the concepts, and especially their arguments were hardly criticized by Gartner in his article Who Is an Entrepreneur? Is the Wrong Question. He brings into discussion the situation when an individual personal goal is to establish a business for profit and growth. He considers that Carland et al. ar rung, freshman by focusing on intentionality, instead of creation, and second by focu sing on the person instead of the act of entrepreneurship.He argues that, by referring only to intentionality rather than to concrete things like articulated strategies or observed behaviors, they increased even more the ambiguity. In my opinion, Carland et al. s attempt to define a small business owner as an individual whose main characteristic is achieving its personal goals is a vague statement. To be more limited, I will take as an example a farmer, who lives in the country, has no job, owns 10 hectargons of vineyards, and decides to start a business in wine patience. For him, this will be the primary source of income.To help oneself me set his goals, I will analyze Maslow pyramid. According to Abraham Maslow we will start from the base. Our farmers first goal will be to sell as much wine as to be able to pay back his physiological needs, like buying food, water and so one. After satisfying his basic needs, he will want to assure the need of safety and therefrom, he will ne ed to earn more money. So how flowerpot he do that? Growing his business and raising his earnings. This means that his goal will change into growth and profit while his business corpse his principal source of income. And so one, we jackpot continue to higher stages in the pyramid.Therefore, I consider that, the desire of achieving its personal goals cannot be a specific characteristic for a small business owner. I in addition believe that the two terms, entrepreneur and small business owner, argon so close related that the transition between them can be made very easy and therefore I again disagree with Carland et al. because of their attempt to totally reprinting the concepts. For instance, if we take the farmer, on the the first stage of Maslow pyramid, according to Carland et al. , he fits the description of a small business owner, by having his business as his primary source of income and furthering his personal goals.But, what if we add that he discovers a conundrum recip e of wine, a recent type of product, and he is able to put it into practice? This last birth belongs to an entrepreneur therefore, the farmer will sacrifice both characteristics from a small business owner and an entrepreneur. So is he really a small business owner or he had become an entrepreneur? Gartner tries to show what differentiates an entrepreneur from non-entrepreneurs and it demonstrates that behavioural approaches are the ones we should concentrate on, for analyzing future researches in entrepreneurship, than character approaches.He in any case recognizes that trait approaches and behavioral trait approaches are two related concepts that cannot be treated separately. Gartner explains that if we talk about behavioral and trait approaches, we analyze the entrepreneurs characteristics through its activities undertaken to create an placement. For instance, Arthur Cole tries to take a behavioral viewpoint of an entrepreneur and then analyses his traits and specific char acteristics (judgment, perseverance, knowledge of the world and business).Jenks and Kilby disagree with studying the spirit of an entrepreneur and they encourage researchers to study the behaviors and activities of an entrepreneur. However here, I consider that we can analyze equally, both the traits and the behavioral of an individual, because are strongly connected, and can be related in both ways, and the focus should be on the behavior. First, the behavior of an individual can be determined by its characteristics, as if for instance a person who most frequently takes hasty decisions he could be an impulsive person.And second, if we analyze an individual characteristics, we can articulate that he will behave in a certain way, like if he is very footsure in its believes he could assume more adventures than a person who does not trust its own ideas. excuse we have to analyze individually person as a simple, because everyone is unique and behaves in its own way. Gartner uses researches that focuses on the person of the entrepreneur, and tries to settle an entrepreneurs qualities (traits), like need for achievement, locus of control, risk taking, values, age, and others.Then he explains that these are worthless to differentiate entrepreneurs from others, because in the trait approach, an entrepreneur is considered a particular personality type with certain characteristics, but if we look at the studies, we can see that few entrepreneurs employ the same definition, so the views are not homogenous. In the article Who is an entrepreneur? Is a question worth asking, later on analyzing a compilation of Gartners studies of entrepreneurship, Carl et al. demonstrated the fruitlessness of his trait research.They considered that he used inconsistent definitions, samples that are not homogeneous or comparable and most important, he created an inconsistent entrepreneurial profile, which is often not importantly different from the rest of the population. Van de Ven haves it also important to analyze the traits and characteristics of a leader. However, Carland et al. considered that there are not so many classification schemes involving complex human behavior and that is one reason why they have excluded it.According to Gartner, we cannot talk anymore about entrepreneurs in general without referring to characteristics of the sample. In their day-and-night attempt to separate the term of entrepreneur from small business owner Carland et al. uses also psychology literature and considers that ones personality is defined by all aspects of life and is largely set during the formative years. However, Gartner still believes that it is impossible to settle certain traits for an entrepreneur because everyone is different from other.Gartner also disagrees with the last part of Carland et al. entrepreneurial definition, which ties the state of being an entrepreneur to innovative behavior, and he brings up the problem of identifying if only the first fi rms in each(prenominal) industry are the innovative ones and all other subsequent would be small business owners. I consider that an entrepreneur is an innovative person, so in this respect I disagree with Gartners opinion. In addition, this does not mean that only the first company in each industry is innovative, like Gartner believes.Even if two firms are competing on the same industry, the second firm appeared on the market, could have products with the same utility and some similar characteristics, but the product can also contain an extra new, special, different, and innovative characteristic. Like for instance when it appeared the beer with lemon, I consider that is was a result of innovative thinking, because although it has the main utility of a bear, to quench the thirst, and has similar characteristics, it can also be seen as a new and different product.In this respect, Bhide, in his article The questions every entrepreneur essential answer, considers that in the same in dustry, the option that suits for one entrepreneurial venture can be altogether inappropriate for another. In addition, he gives as an example companies like Microsoft, Lotus, WordPerfect, and Intuit, which are competing in the same industry but had a very different evolution. In his research What is entrepreneurship? , Davidsson analyzes entrepreneurship through competitive behaviors. He agrees with Gartner. He does not consider innovation as an example of entrepreneurship. On the one side, he manages to avoid more the risk of ambiguity by restricting the entrepreneurship concept to a market context which gives a more precise characterization to the process and on the other its permissive because it has no restriction to innovation, organizational context, risk taking and others.He sees entrepreneurship on a small level, which has important effects on a bigger scale, because it influences the alone market. In addition, it is brought into discussion the problem of differentiating a product from its similar product that constitutes innovation. Moreover, but not at last we confront with the dilemma if new methods of manufacturing, marketing, distributing the product could be also considered as innovation and here, Gartner brings into discussion, the debate on which are the truly innovative methods.In the end, Gartner tries to change a long held viewpoint of entrepreneurial process by identifying it as the creation of new organizations. After that, he debates if the entrepreneurship ends once the organization creation is over. In his opinion the entrepreneurship ends once with the creation stage of the organization. In these respect, Greiner (1972) and Steinmetz (1969) considers that any organization can survive on agone its creation stage to all the possible stages like growth, maturity, and decline.Therefore, if we look at the process itself and analyze each stage, when the individual creates an organization he takes different roles like innovator, manager, small business owner and many others and each is characterized by specific behaviors. But the order of these stages arent always the same. I consider that when the creation of the organization is on its end stage, we cannot say that entrepreneurial process its necessarily over. In certain situations, some firms extend their business by discovering a new revolutionary product.To be more specific, if we take in consideration a company which produces milk, and it discovers a new product that havent existed before, lets suppose its butter, than the company will have to develop only some extra trading operations to make the revolutionary product. Therefore, the milk company will support a creation of a new sub organization in this section (technology, marketing, sales, management, and so one). Moreover, here come into discussion the public entrepreneurs, who, after creating a business, they are still identifying new business opportunities and put it into practice when they are able to do that.An interesting polemics, we can find on the article of Ucbasaran et al. , Does entrepreneurial experience influence opportunity acknowledgement? . After using data and research methodology among individuals engaged in entrepreneurial acts, they conclude that, on the one side, there are some differences between inexperienced novice entrepreneurs and experienced habitual entrepreneurs, but on the other, they also have some similarities in their behavior.Both habitual and novice entrepreneurs are in continuous searching for knowledge and development. One difference between these two categories is that with their experience, habitual entrepreneurs, identify more business opportunities, and one explanation could be that they use different sources of information like financiers, employees, and consultants. In addition, their attitude to business opportunity identification is different. They consider that one opportunity often leads to another but it can also emerge in connection with some problems.Experienced entrepreneurs are also convinced that it is crucial to obtain the needful resources and capital to implement a good idea, and they underline the importance of spontaneity and alertness. In addition, experienced entrepreneurs often identify business opportunities with higher level of innovativeness. One explication could be their ability of choosing the best person for the make up activity, based on their experience, which gives them more time to develop more business opportunities. Wright et al. brings into discussion the risk of habitual entrepreneurs to repeat same ideas but in different or changed environments.I believe that habitual entrepreneurs indeed find more easily business opportunities because of their experience in the changing of the market needs, and most important guests needs. They have a better understanding of the market mechanism and how vital is the spontaneity. They also understand better the consequences of doing or not doing something. However, entrepreneurship cannot be treated as an independently concept so therefore it can be related to areas like for instance mathematics, statistics, economics and many others.We find an attempt to ground the importance of having a complex model, in Bygrave and Hofers research, Theorizing about Entrepreneurship, where they try to highlight that entrepreneurship is a dynamic concept, which cant be analyzed very good, using simples models like regression. They consider that we need a model with much more variables, such as discontinuities in entrepreneurial process, changes of state (changes of phase in organization, including start-ups), sensitivity to initial conditions and multiplicity to anterior variables.In my opinion, using mathematics or some other exact sciences offers us a less subjective approach but if the model is not complex enough, we can also miss some details that could lead us to a rung conclusion or interpretation. Conclusions After analyzing opinio ns from several authors of articles, who tried to understand the concept of entrepreneurship and Who is an entrepreneur? , we can conclude that there are many points of view in this respect and thats why we cannot reach to a general valid and accepted definition of the concepts.Some tried to establish the differences between entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs, others tried to differentiate even the entrepreneurs between them, focusing on experience, and some tried to measure the concept through statistics, all having the same aim, to understand deeper the concept. However, there will always be the need of debate because the concept itself is a subjective one. So it remains to our discretion what opinion do we agree with, or we may very well create our own concept of an entrepreneur and entrepreneurship.In my opinion, a better understanding of the entrepreneur concept, needs a more worthy question, than Who is an entrepreneur? , like What does an entrepreneur do? . I believe that i f we are able to establish his behavior, this will lead us to its characteristics, on the one side, and on the other, it could also give us a fantasy of his potential future behavior. After analyzing all points of view, I finally created my own concept of an entrepreneur.Therefore, first I believe that an entrepreneur should be able to create an organization, based on an original innovative idea, and sustain it. Second, he is concentrated on anticipating the need of the person on long term and finds the most economical way of satisfying it. Third, he takes huge risks in order to fulfill its goal and he is able to adapt easy to changes. Moreover, most of all he identifies itself with the organization. Therefore, on an entrepreneur all these characteristics and behaviors complement each other.References Bhide, A. 1996) The question every entrepreneur must answer, Harvard Business Review, 74(6), 120-130 Bygrave, W. D. & Hofer, C. W. (1991), Theorizing about entrepreneurship, Entrepre neurship Theory an Practice, 16(2), pp. 13-39 Carland, J. W. , Hoy, F. , Boulton, W. R. , & Carland, J. A. (1984). Differentiating entrepreneurs from small business owners A conceptualization.Academy of Management Review, 9(2), 354-359 Carland, J. W. , Hoy, F. , & Carland, J. A. C. (1988) _Who is an Entrepreneur? _Is a question worth asking, American Journal of Small Business, 12(4) p. 3-39. Davidsson, P. (2004) What is entrepreneurship? Chapter in Researching entrepreneurship. Boston, Massachusetts Springer. Gartner, W. (1989)

Marketing Strategy of Beeline Essay

INTRODUCTIONGTEL peck and VimpelCom penetrated in Vietnamese telecommunication market in 8th July 2008 under the brand name Beeline VN to propose GSM/EDGE voice and data serve to cover all Vietnam with over 86million people. Until now, Beeline wants to select more strategies in format to achieve their documentary which is growing their market sell to 30% like the three giants Mobile yell, Vinaph ace and Viettel. From the belong study, IBD strategic counseling center surrender identified and analyzed Beelines strategy as nearly as the gravel of the company in Vietnamese market. Furthermore, some suggestions for improving were in addition given. This typography, hence, volition assess every possible strategy for Beeline in many aspects as good as propose a send off for the virtually appropriate future strategies.MAJOR FINDINGSI. Possible alternative strategies for Beeline1. Identify possible strategies. jibe to the last study, Beelines position in the BCG ground substa nce is question mark due to the high branch rate of the industry while the market sh be of Beeline is relatively low ( sole(prenominal) 4%). Moreover, in the produce behavior troll, Beeline has launched and introduced their services not for long. As a result, for three early(a)s stages in the product life cycle (growth, mature and decline), Beeline can machine most of the substantive growth, limited growth and retrenchment strategies. In order to identify those strategies, the most effective tool is Space matrix.Figure 1. BCG matrixFigure 2. Product life cyclea. Environmental stabilityBy using the information from the external environment, we can identify as well as score the options in this factor. First of all, telecommunication market in Vietnam especially vigorous net conk out services has recently rocketed significantly. From the limited network until now, most of the places in Vietnam ar coverage by hireing many youthful technologies and liquidate the outdated one (G SM/EDGE, IP utilizing the NGN technology with frequency band of 1800MHz) so as Beeline will not be lagged behind by the three giants. Secondly, according to many economists, the ostentation rate of Vietnam is still a double digit (14%) and it is considered as really high compared to other ontogeny country (in 1 digit).Now, the Vietnamese government is using ceiling and floor price as well as tariffs to modulate the inflation rate back to one digit. Furthermore, at the beginning, Beeline launched the most extraordinary shoddy services (Big zero) to market while other three giants price is much higher than Beeline. Therefore, the price honk of Beeline with the average price of the industry is really high. Nevertheless, the last thing belongs to the environmental stability is barrier to innovation into the market.From the political factor in the previous study, Vietnamese government is encouraging orderments from oversea to increase the FDI(Foreign target investment), so that th e tariffs and policy are absolutely motivating every foreign business like Beeline. Moreover, telecommunication is the most vital service in the modern world and this is also an industry which gains the most tutelage from the politician. As a result, besides high initial investment, the barrier to entry of this industry can be scored4. b. fiscal strengthFinancial strength is a strong point of Beeline. According to the annual report of Beeline, the return on investment rate of Beeline remains in 4.2%for each billion of dollars invested after payback. Besides, the advantageousness ratio of Beeline endlessly stands above 50% (50.4%) and nearly equal to Mobilephone (53%). In another aspect, Beeline has 16 socio-economic classs of history in the telecommunication market which means Beeline has experience in the current market.Until now, Beeline has provided 86 million mobile subscribers in essence and it is till increasing while the price of services become cheaper and cheaper. Thus , they are able to afford a large economy of scale. If there is a potential plan, Beeline will not hesitate to invest beca rehearse they have the capital required for most of the plan by extracting a interpreter in the total revenue of $2.27 and from the huge capital of Beeline. In the future, Beeline can allege this strength to obtain their objectives especially update modern technology.c. Industry strengthIn this aspect, we can reverence on three main factors Financial stability, option exercising and capital intensity. Firstly, the demand of using telecommunication services is always stable in most of the time, so that the revenue and financial status of this industry will always in a stable position. In the modern world, telecommunication is no longer a demand solely a need of every citizen in the world. Thus, 6 will be the score for this option. On the other hand, the utilization of resources can also be taken full advantages by every business not only capital but also hu man resources (think global, act local).For instance, Beeline hired a professional force from both oversea (Mr. Alexey Blyumin, CEO) and Vietnam (Mr. Nguyen The Binh, Deputy CEO) to administrate the company in Vietnamese market. From the professional force, they will propose the outdo way of utilizing the financial resource in the most economical way. Last but not least, Beelineis a foreign group with a huge amount of capital purchasable. Consequently, the capital intensity of Beeline deserves to receive the highest score.d. militant advantageAs aforementioned, Beeline has the capacity of providing services for more than 86 million people which is equal to the tribe of Vietnam while other three giants are in the process of signal coverage for the whole country. For Beeline, this objective will be obtained more easily than competitors (5years while others may take 10 years). From the statistic above, Beeline market share at the moment remain in 4% which is not high compared to the three giants. However, the service of Beeline prize is quite acceptable according to the opinion of the students who are the target nodes of Beeline. Moreover, the time for Beeline to launch a new service is quite short (about 3 months) whereas Viettel or Mobilephone takes 6 months or a whole year to release a new service (3G). To sum up, the whole information and analysis will be shown in the table below to identify the position of Beeline in Space matrix.Diagram 1. Space matrix of BeelineWhen Beeline takes market penetration into consideration, they should invest more on PR and trade campaign to cook sensory faculty and reputation in the public. Moreover, improving after gross sales service will help Beeline gain customer loyalty for repeat purchasing. For market instruction, Beeline may find some other potential market in Vietnam especially in the rural areas but the living standard of the citizens at that place is at moderate level (Dien Bien, Sapa, Tam Dao, and so on. This strategy can be apply easily thanks tothe development of technology, so that Beeline just have to concern about human resource or others factors. However, Beeline still have to affair other strategies as well at the rural area to compete with Viettel who have coverage most of the places in Vietnam. Next, product development strategy is about focusing on R&D.Beeline needs to create the new product line or add more value to the services like packaging, online counseling, etc. However, no matter what they do, they have to assemble to maintain their corporate image, their style (black and yellow) during the campaign. Finally, diversification will be the last secret weapon in the aggressive strategies. Specifically, Beeline can use forward , backward desegregation and horizontal integration like building more agencies throughout Vietnam or even providing mobile phone and internet, wireless, etc with the attractive price like Viettel sell Iphone 3, internet network Dcom 3G.Invest more on new technology v v x x 13 3rd Table 3. Ranking and markingFrom the table, it is noticeably that there are some tactics have the same score. Thus, it is depend on the annihilate get on with to decide which activities should do first or they need to have a strategic allocation of capital to do these activities simultaneously (find the critical path). If Beeline allocates the resource as well as schedule in the most effective way, they will not only calumniate but also increase their bring in and market share. The first thing they have to do is all about people. Hiring the right people is the most important for all business because it is the people who create the product, seek for customer and bring back pull ahead for the company. This activity will lead to a good result of other activities of Beeline. Thats why, they hired a professional Vietnamese someone to be the vice deputy of Beeline. It is obviously that when you do secret code, you gain nil but sometimes duri ng the economist crisis, do nothing is a good strategy unless the cost of doing nothing lower than making a new plan.II. Strategic plan of the most appropriate strategies for Beeline 1. Select the final examination strategiesAt the end of the day, after analyzed and evaluated every available strategy, IBD agency will propose Beeline to apply market penetration and product development. Others strategies like market development or diversification are more or less risky according to some internal stakeholders. Moreover, the three giants have successfully applied market development and if Beeline do so, it is really hard to compete because even Ha Noi and Ho Chi Minh City which are the most potential market of Vietnam, Beeline have to endeavor to survive.For diversification, this kind of services play a section as a contributor only and most of the telecommunication company create their own supply, so that Beeline could hardly to do so. Making a new product seems tobe hard for Beelin e because they have to maintain their style and corporate image. Thus, just do what you are best. At the moment, there are some strategies which is work for Beeline like Cost leaders or differentiation (for different services). However, when Beeline success like Viettel, cost leadership will not necessary like Viettel in the past, they launch out many cheap services but now it rarely has new promotion.2. Strategic planImplementation is most difficult part which every company facial gestures. Making a plan is easy but when they implement it, they will face many unexpected problem like physical risks (an coach-and-four may got an accident, etc) or business risks, financial risks, natural risks, etc. As a result, there need to be a detail plan and closely control system. This plan will be taken charged by the management board as well as every sections of the company.a. Management boardManagement board is the head of the company, so that Beeline needs to hire a professional person to take charge this position. First of all, the senior manager have to make a clear vision and mission as well as objectives for every section to explain deeply for them to work in the right direction. This is called envisioning. Apart from that, controlling and encouraging will ensure every section especially Marketing and Financial Department support each other and the manager also have to support them not only for professional issues but also settle their plan. By recognizing contribution with fair wages and salaries, Beelines manager will not only displace them for increasing productivity but also gaining their respect.Last but not least, in order to implement well, Beeline need to apply both intended (deliberate) and emergent (realize) strategies because by doing so, they will not only have clear and reality mission from the information gather from functional department but other department also have a clear mind about their mission to implement the strategy. For the managers , by creating the right charts will help Beeline manager have a clear and logistic plan. A clear objectives, sub-objectives, ordinary program and make an assumption will set a mile stone for the employees to achieve and also make a competitive environment when the manager utilize with his/her motivation program.b. DepartmentsWorking as a team is not about in a inside but also among departments together. Marketing department will take charge of making plan to build reputation and promote the profit of Beeline. However, Beeline cannot use all of their money for advertising. This is the time for financial department, the CFO (Chief Financial Officer) will calculate the cost of advertising and ask the CMO (Chief Marketing Officer) to adjust the plan to match with the budget of the company.However, in order to have such a professional labor to do so, the Human resource department has to ask other department for their demanded labor. Base on that, the manager of HR department will see k and find the right person for that position especially the labor force for PR activities. There are others department which Beeline needs to concern but as a telecommunication provider, those three departments are the most important.c. Allocate resourcesAs a contributor of mobile network, the human resource of Beeline need to be allocate most in the sales department while other professional one will place in the vital position (manager, team leaders). Moreover, Beeline also needs to contribute the services fairly between the southern and northern of Vietnam so as not face the overload problem in one territory. About financial issue, minimize expense by hiring the local people and maximize the profit because the local people know their customers best. Moreover, always checking the budget will help Beeline have a timely adjustment. All of the resource are available in the society both HR (in the society or university) and financial (bank, issuing share, etc). When Beeline become the one of the heavenly king of Vietnamese telecommunications market, they can have another network system to allocate the resource not only the urban areas but also the entire country.CONCLUSIONThis report has made a comprehensive evaluation of many strategies available for beeline. However, the most effective strategies which Beeline needs to take into consideration are market penetration and product development. Furthermore, not only the management board of Beeline must envision but also make sure every department support and working together as a team.REFERENCES* Product life cycle http//www.businessdictionary.com/definition/product-life-cycle.html * Beeline VN information* http//beeline.vn/vn/pages/news.aspx?id=72* http//www.maivoo.com/2011/03/29/Suc-tang-truong-cua-thi-truong-vien-thong-manh-tro-lai-n324141.html * http//en.beeline.vn/en/pages/content.aspx?id=100* http//ebrandium.com/thu-vien/marketing/mot-chien-luoc-tiep-thi-toan-dien-case-beeline-vietnam.html * http//vccinews.vn /?page=detail&folder=96&Id=276 http//vnexpress.net/gl/kinh-doanh/2009/08/3ba11ea3/* Secondary data* BPP pro Education, 2004, Business Strategy, London BPP Professional Education * BPP Professional Education, 2004, Business Environment, London BPP Professional Education * Duc, Nguyen Anh (2010), Marketing research of transmission and recommendations for VIETTEL NEUs MBA course. * Tuan, Doan Anh (2010), Developing the services of Hanoi telecommunication company, NEUs MBA course. * General Statistic Office, 2011. Social economic in 2010 Online Available at http//www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=621&ItemID=10835 Access April 11, 2011 * Scribd.com, 2010. Beeline Vietnam marketing strategy Online http//www.scribd.com/doc/28790390/chi%E1%BA%BFn-l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3c-markeeting-c%E1%BB%A7a-beeline * Binh, Vu Quoc (2011) Bo co v tnh hnh v nhng vn t ra trong pht trin kinh t x hi ca th H Ni v c nc nhng thng u nm 2011 nhng kin ngh, gii php Hanoi researching socio-economic development study pub lished. * Cuong, Vu Huy (2011) Business strategy assignment 1 * Beeline strategies